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15-15-15 gübresinin kitosan ile kaplanması ve elde edilen toz malzemelerin karakterizasyonu
(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2021) Ayık, Bektaş; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim; Kaya, Murat
Gübrelerin polimerler ile kaplanarak daha yavaş ve uzun süre salınımı hem ekonomik hem de çevre kirliliğinin önüne geçilmesi açısından son derece önemlidir. Atık kerevit kabuklarından üretilen kitosanın biyolojik orijinli ve çevre dostu olması nedeniyle mevcut çalışmada tercih edilmiş ve 15-15-15 gübresinin kaplanması amaçlı kullanılmıştır. Kitosan ile 15-15-15 gübresinin kaplanması için çapraz bağlayıcı olarak glutaraldehit kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada farklı konsantrasyonlarda gübrelerin kaplanması denenmiş ve bu sayede kitosanın 15-15-15 gübresini taşıma kapasitesi belirlenmiştir. Kaplama sonrası üretilen toz örnekler fourier dönüşümlü kızıl ötesi spektrometresi (FT-IR), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Ardından kaplama yapılan gübrelerin toprakta günlere bağlı olarak bozunma yüzdeleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen tüm sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, glutaraldehit ile çapraz bağlananmış kitosan–15-15-15 gübre formülasyonunun tarım ve bahçecilik uygulamalarında pratik olarak kullanılabileceği ortaya konmuştur.
A checklist of Turkish rotifers
(Tubitak, 2012) Ustaoğlu, Mustafa Ruşen; Altındağ, Ahmet; Kaya, Murat; Akbulut, Nuray; Bozkurt, Ahmet; Özdemir Mis , Didem; Atasagun, Sibel; Erdoğan, Sevil; Bekleyen, Aysel; Saler, Serap; Okgerman, Hacer Canan
In a book chapter containing the fi rst checklist and distribution of Turkish rotifers, published in 1999, were listed 167 taxa. The second checklist, published in 2004, reported 229 rotifer taxa in Turkey. During the 7 years since this checklist process, many studies have been carried out and we have prepared a new checklist of Turkish rotifers in the present study. In all, 341 rotifer taxa have been recorded to date.
A faunistic survey of bdelloid rotifers in Turkey
(Max Kasparek Verlag, 2009) Kaya, Murat; Herniou, Elisabeth A.; Barraclough, Timothy G.; Fontaneto, Diego
Most of the taxonomic and faunistic work on bdelloid rotifers has been carried out in
A new method for fast chitin extraction from shells of crab, crayfish and shrimp
(Taylor & Francis Ltd., 2015) Kaya, Murat; Baran, Talat; Karaarslan, Muhsin
A new method for quick chitin isolation from the shells of crab, crayfish and shrimp is described. The main difference between the new method and the conventional method is two sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) treatments for 10min each before the processes of demineralisation and deproteinisation. After the NaClO treatment, only 15min is adequate for the demineralisation and 20min for the deproteinisation processes. Newly extracted chitin from crab, crayfish and shrimp shells and commercial chitin were characterised using FT-IR, TGA, X-ray diffractometry and elemental analysis. From the results, it was observed that the chitins isolated with the new method and the commercial chitin had almost the same physicochemical properties. The advantage of the new method compared to traditional methods is the relatively rapid chitin extraction. When compared to the traditional chitin extraction method, the proposed method appears to be promising regarding its time and energy saving nature.
A new pollen-derived microcarrier for pantoprazole delivery
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Akyüz, Lalehan; Sargın, İdris; Kaya, Murat; Ceter, Talip; Akata, Ilgaz
Plant-derived carriers have emerged as promising materials for drug encapsulation. Especially, sporopollenin microcapsules extracted from diverse pollen species have been proved to be effective drug carriers due to their biocompatibility, homogeneity in size, resistance to harsh chemical conditions and high thermal stability. Here in this study, sporopollenin microcapsules were isolated successfully from the pollens of a common tree (Cotylus avellana, the European hazelnut) and used as a carrier for pantoprazole (PaNa) (a proton pump inhibitor). The drug entrapment efficiency was recorded as 29.81%. SEM micrographs clearly showed the drug was loaded into the microcapsules through the apertures of microcapsule and also some drugs were adsorbed on the surface of microcapsules. FT-IR spectra analysis confirmed the drug loading. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that thermal stability of PaNa was enhanced by encapsulation. In vitro release studies showed that PaNa-loaded sporopollenin microcapsules exhibited better release performance than the control. C. avellana sporopollenin micro capsules can make an efficient carrier for delivery of PaNa. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A physicochemical characterization of fully acetylated chitin structure isolated from two spider species: With new surface morphology
(Elsevier, 2014) Kaya, Murat; Seyyar, Osman; Baran, Talat; Erdoğan, Sevil; Kar, Musa
Spiders are a huge group which includes more than 44,000 species. But there has been no study of the chitin structure of spiders. In this study we physicochemically characterized chitin structure of two common spider species (Geolycosa vultuosa and Hogna radiata). Chitin content was determined as 8-8.5% for G. vultuosa and 6.5-7% for H. radiata. FTIR, TGA and XRD results showed that the chitin structures are in a-form. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) revealed that the surface morphology of each species is different. Chitin yielded from G. vultuosa has two different pore structures. The type one pore is rarely sequenced and its size ranges between 190 and 240 nm, while the type two pore is tightly sequenced and its size ranges between 11 and 32 nm. There is no information in previous studies about the chitin structure with two different pore morphologies. A new chitin surface morphology has been determined in G. vultuosa. The chitin isolated from H. radiata, has classic morphology: nanofibre structures (10-17 nm) and 195-260 nm sized pores. Acetylation degree of the chitin samples was calculated as 97% for G. vultuosa and 99% for H. radiata in accordance with elemental analysis results. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Amfibi Yumurta Jel Katmanları; Morfolojik Yapısı ve İçeriği, Fertilizasyon Üzerine Etkisi ve İmmünobiyolojik Aktivites
(Iğdır Üniversitesi, 2023) Koç Bilican, Behlül; Kaya, Murat
Amfibiler, sucul yaşam ile karasal yaşam arasında bir köprü görevi gören Anura, Urodela ve Gymnophiona olmak üzere 3 takıma ayrılan ve dünyada 8000’den fazla türe sahip olan soğukkanlı omurgalı canlılardır. Bununla birlikte, kozmopolit olmaları, kolay kültüre edilebilmeleri, çift yaşamlı olmaları ve potansiyel klinik uygulamaları sayesinde birçok çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Çoğu hayvan türünün olgun yumurtaları, vitellin zar, jel ve zona pellusida gibi hücre dışı katmanlar veya yapılarla çevrilidir. Amfibi yumurtaları bu yapılardan bir vitellin zarf ile yapısal ve kimyasal olarak farklı birkaç jel tabakayla çevrilidir. Bu jel tabaka, amfibi yumurtalarının karakteristik bir özelliğidir. Suda çözünmeyen jelatinimsi bir matris olarak tanımlanmaktadırlar. Dışardan bakıldığında oldukça basit yapılı görünen bu jel tabakalar doğada zorlu ortam şartlarına karşı embriyoyu korumakta, beslemekte, büyümesine ve gelişmesine olanak sağlamaktadırlar. Bu denli önemli bir görev gören amfibi yumurta jeli üzerine literatürde yer alan bilgiler oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu derlemede amfibi yumurta jelinin morfolojik yapısı, içeriği, fertilizasyon üzerine olan etkisi ve immünobiyolojik aktivitesi ele alınmıştır.
An environmental catalyst derived from biological waste materials for green synthesis of biaryls via Suzuki coupling reactions
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Baran, Talat; Sargın, İdris; Kaya, Murat; Menteş, Ayfer
Synthesis of bio-macromolecular supported catalysts has gained much recent attention due to their greener nature. Among the biopolymers, chitosan is widely used as a support material due to its high affinity for metal ions. In this study, chitosan-Ulva sp. (green alga) composite microbeads were prepared as a support material for palladium catalyst. Ulva sp. particles were incorporated into chitosan matrix to enhance the interaction with palladium ions. The catalytic performance of chitosan-Ulva supported Pd(II) catalyst was investigated in the synthesis of biaryls via the Suzuki coupling reaction. All the experiments were conducted without using any solvent under the microwave irradiation, which is also considered as a green technique. This green catalyst exhibited high selectivity and efficiency in the reactions of phenyl boronic acid with different aryl halides in only 4 min at low temperature (50 degrees C). Excellent TON and TOF values were achieved for the catalyst; 4950 and 75000. In addition, the catalyst did not lose its activity even after 8 cycles. It showed high thermal stability (216.8 degrees C) and durability in presence of oxygen. This green catalyst has a potential to be used in pharmacology, medicine and cosmetics. (c) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An inclusive physicochemical comparison of natural and synthetic chitin films
(Elsevier, 2018) Kaya, Murat; Salaberria, Asier M.; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Labidi, Jalel; Baran, Talat; Mulercikas, Povilas; Duman, Fatih
Natural and synthetic chitin films, obtained from the same source were produced and their physicochemical properties were examined comparatively. Firstly, natural chitin film was obtained from elytra of an insect (Oryctes nasicornis L) and purity of the obtained chitin film (degree of acetylation: 79 +/- 2%) was demonstrated by solid state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13 NMR). Then, the synthetic film was produced by dissolving of natural chitin film in LiCl-DMAc. The obtained natural and synthetic films were characterized by AFM, TGA, DSC, FTIR, mechanical properties, light transmission and contact angle. The analyses result demonstrated that natural chitin film lost very important properties such as high thermal stability, transparency, nanofibrous nature, tensile strength, Young's modulus and hydrophobicity after transforming the synthetic film. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula ephippia chitosan
(Editura Ars Docendi, 2016) Aşan Özüsağlam Meltem; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim; Kaya, Murat; Erdoğan, Sevil; Baran, Talat; Menteş, Ayfer; Saman, İhsan
The chitosan from ephippia of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (Crustaceae) has been fully characterized in our previous study, and in this work it was tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities against human and fish pathogens, while also determining its antioxidant activities. Using the disc diffusion method showed that the antimicrobial activity was observed against all tested microorganisms in the range of 12.84 - 16.28 mm.The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was found to be 0.63 - 2.50 mg/ml. Chitosan obtained from C. quadrangula ephippia showed higher antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria than commercial antibiotics. While chitosan inhibited 35.83% of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (at 5 mg/ml), it showed an activity of 14.48 µg/ml for ferrous ion reducing. Consequently, it is suggested that chitosan obtained from the ephippia of C. quadrangula (Crustacea) can be used as food/feed additives, preservatives or in the pharmaceutical industry instead of using synthetic antimicrobials and antioxidants. © 2016 University of Bucharest.
Antioxidative and antimicrobial edible chitosan films blended with stem, leaf and seed extracts of Pistacia terebinthus for active food packaging
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2018) Kaya, Murat; Khadem, Sanaz; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim; Mujtaba, Muhammad; İlk, Sedef; Akyüz, Lalehan; Salaberria, Asier M.; Labidi, Jalel; Abdulqadir, Ako Hamasaeed; Deligöz, Engin
Methanol extracts of stem, leaf, and seed obtained from Pistacia terebinthus which are rich in phenolic compounds were used for the first time to produce chitosan-based antioxidative and antimicrobial films. All the produced films were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, SEM, contact angle measurements, and UV-Vis spectroscopy and mechanically. As was expected, incorporation of the plant extracts into chitosan films enhanced the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities effectively. Also, the elasticity of chitosan-seed and chitosan-stem films was improved. The eco-friendly nature of the produced blend films was determined through soil and water degradation analyses. All these findings lead to the conclusion that the produced blend films with Pistacia terebinthus extracts can be applied as alternative food packaging material.
Antitumor activity of chitosan from mayfly with comparison to commercially available low, medium and high molecular weight chitosans
(Springer, 2018) Tan, Gamze; Kaya, Murat; Tevlek, Atakan; Sargın, İdris; Baran, Talat
Insects' cuticles have a potential to be evaluated as a chitin source. Especially adults of aquatic insects like mayflies (order Ephemeroptera) swarm in enormous numbers in artificially lit areas while mating in spring and then die by leaving huge amounts of dead insects' bodies. Here in this study, mayfly corpses were harvested and used for production of low MW chitosan. Dried mayfly bodies had 10.21% chitin content; mayfly chitin was converted into chitosan with efficiency rate of 78.43% (deacetylation degree, 84.3%; MW, 3.69 kDa). Cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity of mayfly and commercially available shrimp chitosans (low, medium, and high MW) were determined on L929 fibroblast and three different cancer types including HeLa, A549, and WiDr. Apoptosis and necrosis stimulating potential of mayfly and commercial chitosans were also evaluated on A549 and WiDr cells using acridine orange and propidium iodide dual staining to observe morphological changes in nuclei and thus to reveal the predominant cell death mechanism. The effects of chitosans have varied depending on cell types, concentration, and chitosan derivatives. Mayfly and low MW chitosans had a cytotoxic effect at a concentration of 500 mu g mL(-1) on non-cancer cells. At concentrations below this value (250 mu g mL(-1)), mayfly and commercial chitosans except high MW one exhibited strong inhibitory activity on cancer cells especially A549 and WiDr cells. Mayfly chitosan induced early and late apoptosis in A549 cells, but late apoptosis and necrosis in WiDr cells. This study suggests that dead bodies of mayflies can be used for production of low MW chitosan with anti-proliferative activity.
Bat guano as new and attractive chitin and chitosan source
(BioMed Central Ltd., 2014) Kaya, Murat; Seyyar, Osman; Baran, Talat; Türkeş, Tuncay
Introduction: Chitin is a biopolymer that forms the exoskeleton of arthropods, and is found in the cell walls of fungi. It has a wide range of uses in fields such as cosmetics, pharmacy, medicine, bioengineering, agriculture, textiles and environmental engineering based upon its nontoxic, ecofriendly, biocompability and biodegradability characteristics. Commercially, chitin is obtained from processing the outer skeleton of Crustacea such as shrimp, crab, prawn and crayfish after they have been consumed as food. The study aims to examine the nature of bat guano and to determine if it is a practical source of chitin, which has not been done previously. Results: In this study, the chitin content of dry bat guano samples was found to be 28%. The bat guano, which was collected from Karacamal Cave, came from the bat species Rhinolophus hipposideros. The chitosan yield of this chitin was 79%. The chitin produced from the bat guano was determined to be in the alpha form according to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. The crystallinity of the chitin and chitosan samples was calculated as 85.49 and 58.51% respectively by X-ray crystallography (XRD) experiments. According to scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs, the chitin and chitosan structures were shaped like nanofibers. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that both chitin and chitosan had two step weight losses, which are characteristic of these materials. The nitrogen content of the chitin and chitosan was 6.47 and 7.3% respectively according to the elemental analysis results. Conclusions: In this research, it has been observed that bat guano can be considered to be an alternative source of chitin and chitosan to crab, shrimp, crayfish and krill.
Biochemical composition and bioactivity screening of various extracts from Dunaliella salina, a green microalga
(Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 2014) Cakmak, Yavuz Selim; Kaya, Murat; Aşan Özüsağlam, Meltem
The current study examines the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of different extracts of the microalga Dunaliella salina Teodoresco (Dunaliellaceae), their fatty acid composition and the antimicrobial activity of the oil. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were evaluated by obtaining extracts of D. salina in n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, and methanol. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity, the extracts, and fatty acids from D. salina were assessed by the disc diffusion and microdilution techniques against pathogenic microorganisms including fish and clinical/food-borne. The MBC or MFC values of the extracts and fatty acids ranged from 0.63 to 10.00 mg/ml. The antioxidant activity was studied by phosphomolybdenum and DPPH assays and ß-carotene/linoleic acid tests. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated and the fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography. Palmitic, alpha-linolenic, and oleic acids were discovered to be the major components of the fatty acids. These findings have demonstrated that the extracts and oil from D. salina could be used as natural antimicrobials and antioxidants in the food/feed and pharmaceutical industry and as a biodiesel because of its high unsaturated fatty acid content.
Biological, mechanical, optical and physicochemical properties of natural chitin films obtained from the dorsal pronotum and the wing of cockroach
(Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Kaya, Murat; Sargın, İdris; Sabeckis, Ignas; Noreikaite, Deimante; Erdönmez, Demet; Salaberria, Asier Martinez; Labidi, Jalel; Baublys, Vykintas; Tubelyt?, Vaida
In previous studies, chitin-based films were produced from chitin nanofibers in dust form and fully characterized. However, chitin films naturally present.in many organisms have not been isolated and characterized. Herein, structurally intact chitin films were successfully extracted from the dorsal pronoturn and the wing of cockroach. Despite using the same extraction procedure, important differences were observed. Especially, hydrophobicity, transparency, antifungal and antibacterial biofilm activities of wing chitin film were recorded notably higher than those of chitin film from the dorsal pronotum. However, better mechanical properties were observed for chitin film from the dorsal pronotum. Notably, among the tested bacteria, two common pathogens could not form biofilms on the surface of the films. This study clearly demonstrated natural chitin films obtained from an insect can provide a new perspective to chitin-based applications where chitin films with high thermal stability, transparency, resistance to bacterial biofilm formation and antifungal activity are needed.
Biomimetic surfaces prepared by soft lithography and vapour deposition for hydrophobic and antibacterial performance
(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Gürsoy, Mehmet; Testici, Hilal; Citak, Emre; Kaya, Murat; Türk Dağı, Hatice; Öztürk, Bahadır; Karaman, Mustafa
This study demonstrates the synthesis of a bioinspired surface exhibiting hydrophobic and antibacterial functionalities using a two-stage synthesis approach which involves soft lithography and initiated chemical vapour deposition (iCVD). Sandpapers, which are inexpensive and available with desired grit size, were used as the moulds in soft lithography to transfer the rough surface patterns to the PDMS replica surfaces. The antibacterial surface modification of the PDMS replicas was done through vapour-phase deposition of thin poly(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate-vinylbenzyl chloride) (P(DEAEMA-VBC)) films by iCVD method from the corresponding monomers. FTIR analysis of the as-deposited films showed a high retention of the chemical functionalities. The hydrophobicity and antibacterial performances of the flat and rough surfaces were examined as a function of surface roughness. The antibacterial activities were tested against gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus. It was found that obtained replicas achieved up to a 7-log reduction in bacterial population and showed high hydrophobicity.
Bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated medium using Lemna minor, Daphnia magna and their consortium
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS, 2018) Fikirdeşici Ergen, Şeyda; Üçüncü-Tunca, Esra; Kaya, Murat; Tunca, Evren
Single, dual and triple mixtures of totally seven different mixture combinations of the metals Al, Ba and Fe were examined in Lemna minor (L) culture, Daphnia magna (D) culture and in a consortium culture consisting of L. minor and D. magna. In this study: (a) differences in removed metal proportions at the end of 24 and 48h, (b) differences in removed metal amounts due to cultures, (c) differences in the removed proportions of a metal in distinct mediums and (d) removal correlation of the metals due to cultures were investigated. The study results showed that among the metals Al, Ba and Fe, Al has the most toxic effect on organisms involved in this study. Although similar toxicity results of Al and Fe on test groups were observed, Ba gave different toxicity results on test groups. An overview of the bioremediation results indicates that L. minor removes the metals Al and Fe more successfully than Ba. Different mixture combinations of metals performed dissimilar removal results in the same cultures. According to the correlations analysis for the metals Ba and Fe, a high correlation was recorded between the consortium group and test groups containing only D. magna, r=0.88, r=0.91, respectively.
Bitki morfolojisi, süperhidrofilikten süperhidrofobiye kadar değişen ıslatma özelliklerine sahip yüzeylerin Biyo-İlhamlı tasarımı
(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2024) Al-jaf, Ivan; Kaya, Murat
Bitki yüzeyleri, yaklaşık 460 milyon yıl boyunca pek çok yapıyı geliştirerek, çok çeşitli yüksek derecede uyarlanabilir özellikler ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bunlar arasında, hidrofilikten son derece su itici veya süperhidrofobikliğe kadar değişen derecelerde yüzey hidrasyonu sergileyen bitki kütikülleri vardır. Bu makale, süperhidrofobik yüzeylere sahip bitkilerin temel mimarisini sunarak, bu benzersiz özelliklerin biyolojik işlevlerini araştırmaktadır. Bu tür bitkiler suyu etkili bir şekilde itebilir ve sudan "hoşlanmadıkları" izlenimini verebilir. Hücresel gravürler ve epidermal hücre kıvrımları veya epikutiküler mumlar gibi mikroskobik yüzey detayları gibi özellikler, hidrasyon seviyelerinin kontrolünde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Ayrıca bitki yüzeyi hidrofobikliğine katkıda bulunan hiyerarşik ve diğer yapısal adaptasyonlara genel bir bakış sunuyoruz. Bu bitkilerden ilham alan biyomimetik mühendislik, benzer su itici özelliklere sahip malzemelerin oluşturulmasına olanak sağlayabilir. Bu anlayış, tarım sektöründe hastalığa dayanıklı mahsullerin geliştirilmesinin önünü açmaktadır. Makalede ayrıca kendi kendini temizleme yetenekleri, azaltılmış hidrodinamik sürtünme, kılcal bazlı sıvı taşınması ve diğer biyo-ilhamlı malzemeler dahil olmak üzere süperhidrofobik yüzeylerin mevcut ve olası uygulamaları tartışılmaktadır.
Carbamazepine Adsorption onto Giant Macroporous Silica and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Modeling
(Springer Nature, 2024) Alver, Alper; Yılmaz, Bahar Akyüz; Bilican, Behlül Koç; Baştürk, Emine; Kaya, Murat; Işık, Mustafa
There is an imperative need to eliminate pharmaceutical residues from aquatic environments due to their hazardous properties, including toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity, particularly when present in water sources. Conventional water treatment methods have proven insufficient in addressing nano-pollutants such as pharmaceutical residues. Consequently, the ongoing quest for economically viable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly removal mechanisms persists. In this particular study, we employed Giant Macroporous Silica (GMS) derived from marine sponges as a promising biosorbent. GMS exhibits commendable characteristics, including a high specific surface area, swift mass transfer capabilities, and non-discriminatory adsorption qualities. The efficacy of GMS in adsorbing carbamazepine (CBZ), a common drug residue, was scrutinized under diverse experimental conditions, including a sorbate/sorbent ratio ranging from 0.005 to 1.500 weight ratio, contact times spanning from 0 to 240 min, and initial pH values ranging from 5 to 9. Remarkably, at a concentration of 1000 µg L?1, GMS demonstrated an attractive adsorption rate (98.88%) of carbamazepine at pH 7.07, within 90 min. To enhance our understanding, we developed an ANFIS model utilizing the experimental parameters as inputs. The developed model exhibited a high correlation coefficient of 0.9944% and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.6693, indicating its dependability in accurately predicting the adsorption of CBZ on GMS. The results of our study highlight the efficacy of GMS in adsorbing CBZ, suggesting its considerable potential for adsorbing other pharmaceutical residues and nano-pollutants.
Changes in physicochemical properties of chitin at developmental stages (larvae, pupa and adult) of Vespa crabro (wasp)
(Elsevier Ltd., 2016) Kaya, Murat; Sofi, Karwan; Sargın, İdris; Mujtaba, Muhammad
It is already known that chitin in a single organism can exhibit huge differences depending on the functions it serves in different body parts, but the alterations in the characteristics of chitin in course of developmental stages of an organism still remain unknown. This study presents findings on how chitin matrix is changing physicochemically through discrete morphological stages - larva, pupa and adult - of an insect (Vespa crabro). Chitin content of the organisms were found to increase gradually as the organism grew; 2.1, 6.2 and 10.3%, with a dramatic increase in chitin deposition (nearly 3 folds) during the instar from larva to pupa. Enzymatic digestion test demonstrated that chitin isolates were close to pure. Chitin isolates were also subjected to thermal pyrolysis and no variations were observed in the thermal stability of the samples. However, it was observed that surface characteristics of chitin changed greatly as the insect grew.

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