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    Bridging eastern and non-eastern Turkey: A study on the effectiveness of a tourism-based intervention
    (Elsevier, 2021) Yücel, Emine; Ekici, Hatice; Öztürk, Hatice
    Living in eastern versus non-eastern Turkey reflects not merely a geographical distinction but, instead, indicates the deep sociocultural disaffection between easterners and non-easterners. To address this polarity, "We are Anatolia" [Biz Anadoluyuz] is designed as a four-day tourism-based intervention to improve the attitudes of adolescents from eastern and non-eastern Turkey towards one other. In this project, easterners visit a non-eastern city; non-easterners, an eastern one. The visitors' tourist experiences are enriched by ensuring pre-programmed direct contact activities with inhabitants of the host city in recreational settings and by increasing the salience of common ingroup identity between visitors and hosts. The present study (N = 1043) evaluated the effectiveness of this project through a pre-and post-test design with a control group. The visitors' contact intentions, psychological closeness, and warmth towards the inhabitants of the host city were assessed at the first (T1) and last days of the trips (T2), as well as three months later (T3). Except for contact intentions, participants (especially non-easterners) showed a positive change from T1 to T2 and preserved that improvement in T3. However, the intervention-related changes demonstrated only small effect sizes; moreover, no difference existed between the treatment and control groups regarding their short-term gains. We discuss the potential of tourism for societal peace.
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    Öğe
    Sports for improving intergroup relations among adolescents: An intervention study in Turkey
    (American Psychological Association, 2021) Ekici, Hatice; İbanoğlu, Ece; Öztürk, Hatice; Yıldırım, Kadir; Melemez, Sena; Uçak, Emine; Öztürk, Mehmet Ata
    This study evaluated the effectiveness of a sport-based intervention program that integrates sports with contact and conflict resolution training to improve intergroup relations of adolescents residing in Turkey. Thirty-two adolescents from central Turkey (Ankara) and 43 adolescents from the eastern Turkey (Hakkari) participated in the study. The intervention program included 13 weeks training and a 7-day mixed camp. A mixed-method approach was employed to assess its efficacy. Quantitative findings revealed that the intervention led to some degree of improvement in the conflict resolution capacities of adolescents. While the adolescents' pretest scores on the Conflict Resolution Tendency Scale (CRTS)-Total were lower than their post-test scores, the mean scores on some subscales of CRTS did not yield a statistically significant increase from pretest to posttest. Qualitative analysis revealed 3 themes reflecting the efficacy of the intervention: increased conflict resolution capacities, improved intergroup relations, and facilitating program conditions.