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    Newly isolated sporopollenin microcages from Cedrus libani and Pinus nigra as carrier for Oxaliplatin; xCELLigence RTCA-based release assay
    (Springer, 2022) Mujtaba, Muhammad; Akyüz Yılmaz, Bahar; Cansaran Duman, Demet; Akyüz, Lalehan; Yangın, Sevcan; Kaya, Murat; Çeter, Talip; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood
    Sporopollenin-mediated control drug delivery has been studied extensively owing to its desirable physicochemical and biological properties. Herein, sporopollenin was successfully extracted from C. libani and P. nigra pollens followed by loading of a commonly known anticancer drug Oxaliplatin. Drug loading and physicochemical features were confirmed by using light microscopy, FT-IR, SEM and TGA. For the first-time, real-time cell analyzer system xCELLigence was employed to record the Oxaliplatin loaded sporopollenin-mediated cell death (CaCo-2 and Vero cells) in real time. Both the release assays confirmed the slow release of oxaliplatin from sporopollenin for around 40-45 h. The expression of MYC and FOXO-3 genes has been significantly increased in CaCo2 cell and decreased non-cancerous Vero cell confirming the fact that sporopollenin-mediated control release of oxaliplatin is promoting apoptosis cell death preventing the spread of negative effects on nearby healthy cells. All the results suggested that C. libani and P. nigra can be suitable candidates for the slow delivery of drugs.
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    Sponge-derived natural bioactive glass microspheres with self-assembled surface channel arrays opening into a hollow core for bone tissue and controlled drug release applications
    (Elsevier, 2021) Kaya, Murat; Bilican, İsmail; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Sargın, İdris; Haskoylu, Merve Erginer; Öner, Ebru Toksoy; Zheng, Kai; Boccaccini, Aldo R.; Cansaran Duman, Demet; Önses, M. Serdar; Torun, ilker; Akyüz, Lalehan; Elbüken, Çağlar
    Porous, bioactive microspheres have always been a dream material to biomedical scientists for bone regeneration and drug delivery applications due to their interconnectivity, unique pore geometry, encapsulation ability and porosity spanning macroscopic, microscopic and nanoscopic length scales. Extensive efforts have been made to produce such materials synthetically at a great cost of money, time and labor. Herein, naturally-assembled multifunctional, open-channeled and hollow bioactive micro silica spheres (diameter 209.4 +/- 38.5 mu m) were discovered in a marine sponge (Geodia macandrewii), by peeling the outer surface of the sterrasters using hydrogen fluoride. The obtained micro silica spheres exhibited valuable characteristics such as homogeneously distributed pores, a cavity in the center of the sphere, and channels (approx. 3000) opening from each pore into the central cavity. Simulated body fluid analysis demonstrated the bioactivity of the micro silica spheres; whereas, no bioactivity was recorded for the original untreated sterrasters. The non-cytotoxicity and osteogenic ability of the isolated microspheres were confirmed through osteoblast cell culture. Finally, these silica based porous microspheres were tested for controlled drug release capacity. The spheres showed excellent loading and release abilities for an anti-cancer drug, carboplatin, in simulated solutions and in human cancer cell culture, HeLa, through a real time cell analyzer system. The drug loading capacity of the porous beads was determined as 10.59%. Considering the unique biological and physicochemical properties, these novel bioactive silica spheres, which we name as giant macroporous silica (GMS), are promising materials for a range of applications including bone tissue engineering and drug delivery.