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Öğe Anadolu'nun güneyinde yayılış gösteren Anatololacerta cinsinin moleküler belirteçler kullanılarak türler arasındaki farklılaşma miktarının tespiti ve taksonomik durumunun belirlenmesi(Aksaray Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2013) Candan, Kamil; Kankılıç, TolgaAvrupa, Asya ile Afrika boyunca yayılış gösteren Lacertidae (Oppel, 1811) familyasına giren günümüzde yaklaşık 280 tür vardır. Bu familya içerisinde yer alan ve dağılış sahasının büyük bir bölümü ülkemiz sınırları içerisinde kalan Anatololacerta (Arnold, Arribas ve Carranza, 2007) cinsi, Anatololacerta danfordi (Günther, 1876) (Mersin ve Adana civarında), Anatololacerta anatolica (Werner, 1902) (Batı Anadolu'da Menderes Nehri'nin kuzeyi ile birlikte Yunanistan'ın Samos Adası'nda) ve Anatololacerta oertzeni (Werner, 1904) (Batı Toroslar ve Büyük Menderes Nehri'nin güneyi ile birlikte, Yunanistan'ın Ikaria, Rodos ve etrafındaki adalarda) olmak üzere 3 tür içermektedir. Söz konusu cinsin özellikle alttür ayrımı başta olmak üzere taksonomik durumu oldukça karışık olup, bu durum birçok tartışmayı da beraberinde getirmektedir. Anatololacerta cinsinin taksonomisi üzerine var olan çalışmaların pek çoğu morfolojik karakterlere dayalı olup bu cinse ait populasyonların genetik yapısını belirlemeye yönelik fazla çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma ile Batı Toroslar'da yayılış gösteren A. oertzeni ve A. danfordi populasyonlarının genetik yapısı ve bu iki türün varlığının tespit edildiği aynı lokalitelerdeki bireylerin taksonomik durumu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla, mitokondriyal DNA'nın 16S rRNA (ribozomal RNA) gen bölgesi ve çekirdek DNA'nın C-mos (oosit olgunlaştırıcı faktör) gen bölgesi kullanılmıştır. Mitokondriyal DNA'nın 16S rRNA gen bölgesi için 18 haplotip bulunurken, nDNA'nın C-mos gen bölgesi için 8 haplotip bulunmuştur. Filogenetik yaklaşım için gerçekleştirilen maksimum olasılık ve bayesiyan analizleri neticesinde genetiksel olarak dört farklı grup ortaya çıkmıştır. A. danfordi ve A. ozertzeni ile birlikte iki yeni soy hattının varlığı tespit edilmiş ve bu yeni gruplardan birinin Korkuteli'nde (Antalya), diğerinin ise Akseki (Antalya), Sertavul Geçidi (Karaman), Avsallar (Antalya), Gazipaşa (Antalya), Manavgat (Oymapınar Barajı-Antalya), Konaklı (Antalya) ve Gülnar'da (Mersin) olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.Öğe Development and characterization of new polymorphic microsatellite loci for Trionyx triunguis (Testudines: Trionychidae) in the Mediterranean Basin(Brill Academic Publishers, 2015) Güçlü, Özgür; Durmuş, Salih Hakan; Candan, Kamil; Beşer, Nurettin; Türkyılmaz, Süheyla; Yerli, Sedat; Bozdoğan, BülentThe Mediterranean subpopulation of T. triunguis has been listed by IUCN as critically endangered (European Reptile and Amphibian Specialist Group 1996, category CR C2A). There are very few studies for determination of distribution and population genetics of this species in the world. A total of 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from 42 samples of T. triunguis by using biotinylated (GT)(10), (CT)(10), (GATA)(5)-enriched library. The range of observed heterozygosities was 0.000-0.833 with a mean of 0.274, and the range of expected heterozygosities was 0.081-0.607 with a mean of 0.374. It was found that four loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction analysis. There was no evidence for large allele dropout. Null alleles may be present at ttmed-6, ttmed-8, and ttmed-9 loci, as suggested by the general excess of homozygote for most allele size classes. Designed microsatellite loci could provide a powerful tool for the population structure and conservation genetics studies of the Nile soft-shelled turtle and for captive breeding programs or to detect species illegal trade.Öğe First assessment on the molecular phylogeny of Anatololacerta (Squamata, Lacertidae) distributed in Southern Anatolia: insights from mtDNA and nDNA markers(Taylor&Francis LTD, 2016) Candan, Kamil; Kankılıç, Tolga; Güçlu, Özgür; Kumlutaş, Yusuf; Durmuş, Salih Hakan; Lymberakis, Petros; Poulakakis, Nikos; Ilgaz, CetinThe genus Anatololacerta (Lacertidae) occurs mainly in Anatolia (western and southern Turkey) and on the Aegean islands Samos, Ikaria, and Rhodos. Although its taxonomy has long been debated and is currently nascent, three morphological species have been attributed to this genus: Anatololacerta anatolica, Anatololacerta oertzeni, and Anatololacerta danfordi. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of A. oertzeni and Anatololacerta danfordi based on both mitochondrial and nuclear markers (16S rRNA and cmos). In total, 34 Anatololacerta specimens were analyzed using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. Our results supported the presence of four well-supported lineages: two belongs to A. oertzeni and two to A. danfordi. The temporal diversification of these lineages probably started with the divergence of the first A. oertzeni lineage from western Antalya at 7.9 Mya. The other two major splits may have occurred in early Pliocene (4.4 Mya: the divergence of the second A. oertzeni from A. danfordi) and in late Pliocene (2.7 Mya: the divergence of the two lineages of A. danfordi). The phylogeographical scenario suggests that the major diversification events (from late Miocene to late Pliocene) could be related with climatic oscillations (such as the late Miocene aridification and the Messinian Salinity Crisis) and tectonic movements (such as the uplift of the central Taurus mountain).Öğe Helminth fauna of Lebanon Lizard, Phoenicolacerta laevis (Gray, 1838), (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Southern Turkey(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2016) Birlik, Sezen; Yıldırımhan, Hikmet Sami; Sümer, Nurhan; Kumlutaş, Yusuf; Ilgaz, Çetin; Durmuş, Salih Hakan; Güçlü, Özgür; Candan, KamilIn the years 2010 and 2014, fifty-four samples of Phoenicolacerta laevis from eight localities in Adana (n=6) and Hatay (n=48) were collected and examined for helminth parasites. New host and locality records were recorded. As a results of present study, three species of Digenea, Sonsinotrema tacapense, Prosthodendrium chilostomum, Brachylaima sp. (metacercaria); two species of Cestoda, Oochoristica tuberculata and Mesocestoides sp. and four species of Nematoda, Skrjabinodon medinae, Spauligodon sp., Thubunaea sp. and a larva of the Ascaridiidae Ascarididae gen. sp. were reported for lizard samples. We document new host records for all of helminth species reported here. Sonsionotrema tacapense (Digenea), and Thubunaea sp. (Nematoda) are recorded for the first time from Turkey. There are, to our knowledge, no reports of helminths for P. laevis in Turkey and also from its range.Öğe More evidence of cryptic diversity in Anatololacerta species complex Arnold, Arribas and Carranza, 2007 (Squamata: Lacertidae) and re-evaluation of its current taxonomy(Brill, 2021) Karakasi, Danae; Ilgaz, Çetin; Kumlutaş, Yusuf; Candan, Kamil; Güçlü, Özgür; Kankılıç, Tolga; Beşer, Nurettin; Sindaco, Roberto; Lymberakis, Petros; Poulakakis, NikosGenetic diversity is not always congruent with phenotypic heterogeneity, resulting in cryptic species complexes which cause a great struggle for scientists trying to define 'species' and describe relationships among taxa. Anatololacerta is a lizard genus distributed in southern and western Anatolia and some neighboring Aegean islands. Three morphospecies were recognized in Anatololacerta but a recent molecular study revealed the presence of cryptic diversity within the genus which led to the raise of a subspecies to species level. Currently the genus includes the species A. anatolica, A. danfordi, A. budaki and A. pelasgiana. Using a comprehensive sampling concerning both the number of specimens (218 specimens) and the genetic markers (3 nuclear and 3 mitochondrial), we performed phylogenetic analyses including tree reconstruction, species delimitation and divergence times estimation. The results revealed the occurrence of one more cryptic lineage which should be regarded as a separate species for which the name A. ibrahimi stat. nov. has priority. The existence of five well differentiated species with parapatric distributions in Anatololacerta is strongly supported. There is also evidence of recent and rapid radiation of the genus which probably causes phylogenetic relationships between these species to remain largely unresolved. At last, we proceeded to some nomenclatorial changes: The current name A. budaki was synonymized with A. pelasgiana because specimens of the type-locality of A. budaki are assigned genetically to A. pelasgiana. The genetic lineage including specimens currently assigned to A. budaki was named A. finikensis stat. nov., raising the subspecies A. b. finikensis to species level.Öğe Phylogeny of trachylepis sp (Reptilia) from Turkey inferred from mtDNA sequences(Informa Healthcare, 2014) Güçlü, Özgür; Candan, Kamil; Kankılıç, Tolga; Kumlutaş, Yusuf; Durmuş, Salih Hakan; Poulakakis, Nikos; Ilgaz, ÇetinThe taxonomic status of the species included into the genus Trachylepis in Turkey are doubtful. So far, three morphological species have been attributed to this genus in Turkey; Trachylepis aurata, T. vittata, and T. septemtaeniata. Here, we investigated the taxonomy of the Turkish Trachylepis species by employing phylogenetic and phylogeographic approaches and using mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA). In total, 45 Trachylepis and 6 Mabuya specimens were used analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) methods. The phylogenetic relationships and the genetic distances retrieved, revealed that the Turkish species, which currently recognized as Trachylepis, are highly diversified, forming a distinct clade that shows closer phylogenetic affinity with the species of the genus Mabuya rather than the other Trachylepis species. In this clade, the three Turkish species are monophyletic with T. vittata to branch off first in late Miocene (10.54 Mya). The other two species (T. septemtaeniata and T. aurata) seem to have sister group relationship that diverged at the end of Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.27 Mya). As a whole, the examination of mtDNA lineages in the Turkish lizards of the genus Trachylepis may contribute substantially to the refining of their taxonomic status, since the three species of Turkey, although monophyletic, represent a distinct radiation that would could probably recognized as a different genus in Mabuya sensu lato.
