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    Öğe
    Comparison of physicochemical properties of chitins isolated from an insect (Melolontha melolontha) and a crustacean species (Oniscus asellus)
    (Springer, 2014) Kaya, Murat; Baublys, Vykintas; Can, Esra; Satkauskiene, Ingrida; Bitim, Betül; Tubelyte, Vaida; Baran, Talat
    The chitin structures of two common European species belonging to Insecta (Melolontha melolontha) and Crustacea (Oniscus asellus) were isolated. The same procedure is followed for chitin isolations for both the species. First, HCl was used for removing of minerals in the organisms, and then, the protein structure was removed by using NaOH. Chitins obtained from these two species were characterized physicochemically. Physicochemical properties of chitins isolated from the insect and the crustacean were compared to each other. The chitin content for dry weights of M. melolontha and O. asellus were recorded as 13-14 and 6-7 %, respectively. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis were found to be more or less similar. The surface morphologies of chitins were examined via environmental scanning electron microscopy and nanofibers, and pore structures were observed. While the chitin nanofibers of O. asellus were adherent to each other, nanofibers of M. melolontha were non-adherent. On the other hand, the number of pores was much higher in the chitin from M. melolontha than in the chitin from O. asellus. Looking at the elemental analysis results, the M. melolontha chitin was found to be more pure than the O. asellus chitin. For this reason, M. melolontha has been considered more attractive source for chitin than O. asellus.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Differentiations of chitin content and surface morphologies of chitins extracted from male and female grasshopper species
    (Public Library Science, 2015) Kaya, Murat; Lelesius, Evaldas; Nagrockaite, Radvile; Sargın, İdris; Arslan, Gülşin; Mol, Abbas; Baran, Talat; Can, Esra
    In this study, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate chitin structure isolated from both sexes of four grasshopper species. FT-IR, EA, XRD, and TGA showed that the chitin was in the alpha form. With respect to gender, two main differences were observed. First, we observed that the quantity of chitin was greater in males than in females and the dry weight of chitin between species ranged from 4.71% to 11.84%. Second, using SEM, we observed that the male chitin surface structure contained 25 - 90nm wide nanofibers and 90 - 250 nm nanopores, while no pores or nanofibers were observed in the chitin surface structure of the majority of females (nanofibers were observed only in M. desertus females). In contrast, the elemental analysis, thermal properties, and crystalline index values for chitin were similar in males and females. Also, we carried out enzymatic digestion of the isolated chitins using commercial chitinase from Streptomyces griseus. We observed that there were no big differences in digestion rate of the chitins from both sexes and commercial chitin. The digestion rates were for grasshoppers' chitins; 88.45-95.48% and for commercial chitin; 94.95%.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    The quick extraction of chitin from an epizoic crustacean species (Chelonibia patula)
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS, 2014) Kaya, Murat; Karaarslan, Muhsin; Baran, Talat; Can, Esra; Ekemen, Gülçin; Bitim, Betül; Duman, Fatih
    Chitin was isolated from the shells of Chelonibia patula (barnacle, Crustacea), which lives on blue crab epizoically, following a 10-min demineralisation process through HCl and a 20-min deproteinisation process through NaOH. Due to the low-crystalline structure, and mineral-rich and low-protein content of the shells, chitin isolation was convenient. It was observed that the shell structure of C. patula contains 3.11% chitin per its dry weight. Following characterisation of the isolated chitin by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry, elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy, it was determined that there was close similarity with the a-chitin isolated from crabs, shrimps and insects in various studies. It was observed that chitin was composed of nanofibres with a width of 10-20 nm. It was concluded that this was an economically advantageous chitin resource compared with crustaceans such as shrimp, crayfish and crab, because it is possible to isolate chitin in a significantly shorter time.