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Öğe Chitosan nanofiber production from Drosophila by electrospinning(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Kaya, Murat; Akyüz, Bahar; Bulut, Esra; Sargın, İdris; Eroğlu, Fatma; Tan, GamzeDrosophila melanogaster is one of the important test organisms in genetics thanks to its fast growth rate in a culture. This study demonstrates that the fly D. melanogaster can also be exploited as a source for nanofiber production in biotechnical applications. First, its chitin content was determined (7.85%) and then high molecular weight chitosan (141.4 kDa) was synthesized through deacetylation of chitin isolates. Chitosan nanofibers with the diameter of 40.0073 +/- 12.347 nm were produced by electrospinning of Drosophila chitosan. The physicochemical properties of obtained chitin and chitosan from D. melanogaster were determined by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The study demonstrated that the fly D. melanogaster can be utilized for production of chitosan.nanofiber concerning its cultivability and low-cost culture requirements.Öğe Comparison of bovine serum albumin adsorption capacities of alpha-chitin isolated from an insect and beta-chitin from cuttlebone(Elsevier, 2016) Kaya, Murat; Sargın, İdris; Aylanç, Volkan; Tomruk, Muhammed Nebi; Gevrek, Seda; Karatoprak, Işıl; Çolak, Nazlıcan; Sak, Yaşar Gül; Bulut, EsraBovine serum albumin is the key protein in blood. Chitin is a widely used biocompatible polymer in bioengineering and it is mainly found as two allomorphs (alpha, beta). In this study the interactions of alpha-chitin (from the insect Omophlus sp.) and beta-chitin (from the cuttlebone of Sepia sp.) with BSA were studied. Chitin isolates were examined by SEM, XRD, BET, TGA and FFIR. beta-Chitin exhibited a far higher affinity for BSA than alpha-chitin, indicating alpha-chitin can be used in applications where surface-protein interactions should be limited, and beta-chitin can be used in chitin-based materials on which protein adsorption is desired.Öğe Çıyanın farklı vücut kısımlarından orjinal yapı korunarak biyoteknolojik uygulamalar için iki ve üç boyutlu nano kitin üretimi(Aksaray Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2016) Bulut, Esra; Kaya, MuratDaha önceki çalışmalarda izole edilen kitinler toz ya da granül haldedir. Literatür taraması sonucu sadece süngerlere ait birkaç türden ve bir böcekten üç boyutlu kitin izole edildiği görülmüştür. Mevcut çalışmada ise bir canlının (çıyanın) farklı vücut kısımlarından (anten, kafa, kıskaç, boyun, gövde, ayak ve kuyruk) orijinal yapı ve şekli koruyarak iki ve üç boyutlu kitin örnekleri elde edilmiştir. Bu kitinlerin fizikokimyasal özellikleri FT-IR, TGA, SEM ve XRD analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Yine daha önceki çalışmalarda, kitinin fizikokimyasal özelliklerinin kaynağa göre değiştiği ortaya konmuştur. Mevcut çalışmada ise bir organizmanın farklı vücut kısımlarından aynı metod ile yapı ve şekil korunarak elde edilen kitinlerin fizikokimyasal özelliklerinin (kristalinite, termal kararlılık ve yüzey morfolojisi) kaynağa göre önemli değişiklik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Diğer yandan çıyanın farklı vücut kısımlarından izole edilen kitinlerin lizozim adsorpsiyon kapasitelerinde farklılık olup olmadığı da araştırılmıştır. Çıyanın farklı vücut kısımlarından aynı metod ile elde edilen kitinlerin lizozim adsorpsiyon kapasitelerinde oldukça önemli farklılıklar olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu tez çalışmasında, bir canlının farklı vücut kısımlarından izole edilen kitinlerin fizikokimyasal özelliklerinin de farklı olduğu ve bu farklılığın da uygulama alanını oldukça etkilediği ortaya konmuştur. Bu çalışma ileriye yönelik, farklı organizmalardan daha farklı şekiller ve fizikokimyasal özelliklere sahip kitinlerin elde edilmesine olanak sağlayacak ve elde edilecek iki ve üç boyutlu bu örnekler biyoteknoloji alanına yeni bir bakış açısı kazandıracaktır.Öğe DNA interaction, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of three-dimensional chitosan ring produced from the body segments of a diplopod(Elsevıer Scı Ltd, 2016) Kaya, Murat; Akyüz, Bahar; Bulut, Esra; Sargın, İdris; Tan, Gamze; Erdönmez, Demet; Maheta, Mansi; Satkauskas, SauliusCommercially available chitins and the chitin isolated from mushrooms, insect cuticles, shells of shrimp, crab and crayfish reported in the literature are in forms of powder, flake or granule. Three-dimensional chitins have been only known from the sponges but still three-dimensional chitosan has not been reported yet. In this study, we produced three-dimensional chitin and chitosan rings from the body segments of a diplopod species (Julus terrestris). Obtained chitin and chitosan rings were characterized (by FT-IR, SEM, TGA, XRD, dilute solution viscometry and EA) and compared with commercial chitin and chitosan. The interactions with plasmid DNA was studied at varying concentrations of chitosan (0.04, 0.4 and 4 mg/mL). Antitumor activity tests were conducted (L929 and HeLa), low cytotoxicity and high antiproliferative activity was observed. Antimicrobial activities of J. terrestris chitosan were investigated on twelve microorganisms and maximum inhibition (15.6 +/- 1.154 mm) was recorded for common human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe First chitin extraction from Plumatella repens (Bryozoa) with comparison to chitins of insect and fungal origin(Elsevier, 2015) Kaya, Murat; Baublys, Vykintas; Satkauskiene, Ingrida; Akyüz, Bahar; Bulut, Esra; Tubelyte, VaidaChitin immediately suggests the representatives of the kingdom Fungi, as well as such phyla as Annelida, Mollusca, Porifera, Cnidaria and, mostly, Arthropoda. Although Bryozoa also represents a chitin-containing phylum, no study has been developed yet on the isolation or characterization of the chitin from it. In this study, physiochemical properties of the chitin isolated from Plumatella repens belonging to the phylum Bryozoa was determined for the first time. The chitin structure was also studied comparatively by isolating chitin from an insect species (Palomena prasina) of the phylum Arthropoda, and Fames fomentarius belonging to the kingdom Fungi. It was observed that the bryozoan chitin was in the a form, as in the arthropod and fungal chitins. The chitin contents in the dry weight of the bryozoan, fungal and insect species were observed to be 13.3%, 2.4%, and 10.8%, respectively. The insect chitin exhibited the highest thermal stability followed by that of the bryozoan and then the fungal chitins. Surface morphologies reveal that the insect and bryozoan chitins were composed of nano fibre and pore structures, whereas the fungal chitin had no pores or fibres. The crystallinity of the insect chitin (CrI = 84.9%) was higher than the bryozoan (CrI = 60.1%) and fungal chitins (CrI = 58.5%). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Fluctuation in physicochemical properties of chitins extracted from different body parts of honeybee(Elsevier, 2015) Kaya, Murat; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Bulut, Esra; Akyüz, Bahar; Zelencova, Laura; Sofi, KarwanIt is well known that physicochemical properties of chitin are related with the extraction method. Recently, it was revealed that some physicochemical properties of chitin are also related with taxonomical relationship. For the first time in this study, it was tested how these properties of chitin are affected by different body parts of one organism. The chitins were extracted from five different body parts (head, thorax, abdomen, legs and wings) of honeybee. These chitins were physicochemically characterized and differences among these body parts were identified. Highest chitin content was observed in legs (13.25%) while the lowest from thorax (6.79%). The surface morphologies of the isolated chitin structures from five different body parts were analyzed with SEM, as a result, five different types of surface morphologies were recorded. However, three different types of surface morphologies were observed only in abdomen. Maximum degradation temperatures (DTG(max)) of thorax, abdomen, legs and wings were recorded between 359 and 367 degrees C while DTG(max) value of head chitin was found as 308 degrees C. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Gender influences differentiation of chitin among body parts(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Kaya, Murat; Bulut, Esra; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Sivickis, Karolis; Sargin, İdris; Akyüz, Bahar; Erdoğan, SevilEarlier reports have established that chitin isolates from each body part of an insect cuticle can exhibit diverse physicochemical properties. But it is still unknown if the gender of the insect can influence characteristics of chitin isolates from different body parts. The present study addresses this question. As a result, important physicochemical differences in the chitin samples from different body parts of Melolontha sp. were recorded on the basis of sex. The chitin samples were extracted from eight different body parts (antennae, head, eyes, thorax, abdomen, elytra, hindwings, and legs) of female and male. The most remarkable variations in the chitin isolates from female and male body parts were recorded in chitin content, crystallinity, thermal stability, and surface morphology. And also it was wondered these chitin isolates from different body parts of female and male could find different applications. To check this hypothesis, the chitin samples from female and male were interacted with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein and important variations were observed. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe How taxonomic relations affect the physicochemical properties of chitin(Springer, 2016) Kaya, Murat; Baublys, Vykintas; Sargın, İdris; Satkauskiene, Ingrida; Paulauskas, Algimantas; Akyüz, Bahar; Bulut, Esra; Tubelyte, Vaida; Baran, Talat; Seyyar, Osman; Kabalak, Mahmut; Yurtmen, HuseyinChitin specimens from 16 arthropod species (13 of Insecta and 3 of Arachnida) were isolated for the first time using the same method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and elemental analysis have been applied to determine how physicochemical properties of chitin specimens are affected by taxonomic relationship. The characterisation studies revealed that physicochemical nature of the chitin specimens differed greatly and were found partially specific to taxa. Significant differences in the surface morphologies of chitin specimens were observed even in the same order. However, the chitin contents were recorded to be specific to the order in the class Insecta. The highest chitin content was observed in Coleoptera (18.2-25.2 %) followed by Hemiptera (10.6-14.5 %), Odonata (9.5-10.1 %), Hymenoptera (7.8-9.3 %), Diptera (8.1 %), Blattodea (4.7 %). In addition, the crystalline index (CrI) values of chitin specimens from Coleoptera were found to be higher than the other orders in Insecta. This study revealed that the chitin contents and CrI values can be related to taxonomical relationships.Öğe In situ chitin isolation from body parts of a centipede and lysozyme adsorption studies(Elsevier, 2017) Bulut, Esra; Sargın, İdris; Arslan, Özlem; Odabaşı, Mehmet; Akyüz, Bahar; Kaya, MuratIsolation of structurally intact chitin samples for biotechnological applications has gained much recent attention. So far, three-dimensional chitin isolates have been obtained from only diplopods and sponges. In this study, three-dimensional chitin isolates were obtained from the body parts of centipede Scolopendra sp. (antennae, head, forcipule, collum, trunk, trunk legs and last pair of legs) without leading to structural failure. FT-IR spectra of chitin isolates confirmed that chitin samples are in et allomorph. TGA, XRD and SEM analyses and lysozyme adsorption studies revealed that each chitin isolate had different thermal stability, crystallinity and surface characteristics. Among the chitin isolates, Cu(II)-immobilized forcipule chitin showed the highest affinity for lysozyme (54.1 mg/g), whereas chitin from last pair of legs exhibited the lowest affinity (3.7 mg/g). This study demonstrated that structurally intact chitin isolates can be obtained from the body parts of centipede Scolopendra sp. (antennae, head, forcipule, collum, trunk, trunk legs and last pair of legs) by using a simple chemical procedure. Also, it gives a biotechnological perspective to the organisms in the group of Chilipoda. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Isolation and identification of chitin from heavy mineralized skeleton of Suberea clavata (Verongida: Demospongiae: Porifera) marine demosponge(Elsevier, 2017) Ehrlich, Hermann; Bazhenov, Vasilii V.; Debitus, Cecile; de Voogd, Nicole; Galli, Roberta; Tsurkan, Mikhail V.; Wysokowski, Marcin; Meissner, Heike; Bulut, Esra; Kaya, Murat; Jesionowski, TeofilSince the discovery of chitin in skeletal structures of sponges (Porifera) in 2007, studies on search of novel species which possess this structural aminopolysaccharide continue up today. The most potential source of chitin is suggested to be localized in the four families of sponges related to the order Verongida (Demospongiae) which nevertheless require further clarification. Here, we report for the first time the isolation and identification of alpha-chitin from the Suberea clavata demosponge (Aplysinidae: Verongida). Raman spectroscopy, Calcofluor White staining, chitinase test and ESI-MS techniques were used to identify chitin. We suggest that the presence of chitin within fibrous skeletons of diverse species of Verongida order, and, especially in all species of the Aplysinidae family, may be useful for the identification of novel, previously unidentified marine demosponges. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Novel three-dimensional cellulose produced from trunk of Astragalus gummifer (Fabaceae) tested for protein adsorption performance(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Kaya, Murat; Odabaşı, Mehmet; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Şen, Miren; Bulut, Esra; Akyüz, BaharThis is the first study to produce three-dimensional (3D) cellulose from any plant up to now. This 3D cellulose was produced from Astragalus gummifer (Fabaceae) trunk by using a modified method in which original the shape of cellulose was kept as natural. This novel 3D cellulose was characterized by SEM, TGA, FT-IR, XRD and elemental analysis to evidence the purity and to compare it with commercially available cellulose from cotton. Results from these characterizations were found convincing because almost the same physicochemical properties were observed for both newly obtained 3D cellulose and commercial one. Both fibers and pores on the surface of 3D cellulose were observed. Thanks to its diversified surface morphology, this novel 3D cellulose was tested for its protein adsorption performance and the results were compared with commercial cellulose as follows: maximum adsorption capacity at pH 8.0 was recorded as 59.2 mg/g for 3D cellulose while 29.6 mg/g for commercial cellulose. According to this result, it is clear to say that this sorbent has high affinity for lysozyme. Also this 3D cellulose could be useful for the other areas of separation science. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Three-dimensional chitin rings from body segments of a pet diplopod species: Characterization and protein interaction studies(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016) Kaya, Murat; Mulercikas, Povilas; Sargın, İdris; Kazlauskaite, Sonata; Baublys, Vykintas; Akyuz, Bahar; Bulut, Esra; Tubelyte, VaidaPhysicochemical characterization of new chitin isolates can provide valuable insights into designing of biomimetic materials. Chitin isolates with a definite three-dimensional (3D) structure can exhibit characteristics that distinguish them from other chitin specimens that are in form of powder or flakes without a definite and uniform shape. Herein, 3D chitin rings were produced from body segments of a diplopod (Archispirostreptus gigas) inhabiting tropical regions. This organism is cultured easily and can reach 38 cm in length, which makes it a suitable source for isolation of chitin. The chitin rings were characterized via TGA, FT-IR, SEM and XRD analyses. Enzymatic digestion test with chitinase demonstrated that chitin isolates had high purity (digestion rate: 97.4%). The source organism had high chitin content; 21.02 +/- 2.23% on dry weight. Interactions of the chitin rings with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein were studied under different conditions (pH: 4.0-8.0, chitin amount: 6-14 mg, contact time: 30-360 min, protein concentration: 0.2-1 mg/mL). The highest BSA adsorption was observed at pH 5.0 at 20 degrees C. The adsorption equilibrium data exhibited a better fit to Langmuir adsorption and the pseudo-first order kinetic models. The findings presented here can be useful for further studies aiming to develop biocompatible and nontoxic biomaterials.
