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Öğe Effects of nano selenium on some metabolic and rumen parameters in dorper sheep(Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, 2024) Budak, DuyguThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of nano selenium (N-Se) supplementation on some metabolik parameters and rumen fermentation in sheep. In the study, twenty female Dorper sheep, average 60.1±0.44 kg of body weight were used and blood samples and rumen fluid were taken at the end of trial. The animals were randomly divided into two trial groups (n=10). The control animals received the basal ration without Se supplementation, containing a native Se content of 0.06 mg/kg DM. The other sheep were fed the same basal ration supplemented with 3 g/head/day N-Se. Trial were 66 days with 10 days of adaptation to feed and 56 days of feeding period. Serum total protein (p=0.514) and albumin (p=0.126) levels did not change by feeding N-Se. Serum T-cholesterol, triglycerides, AST (p=0.001) and ALT (p=0.030) levels were decreased in the N-Se-treated group when compared with the control. Supplementation of N-Se did not effect ruminal pH values (p=0.792), the molar concentration of acetic acid (p=0.133) and butyric acid (p=0.089), but the ammonia concentration (p=0.001) was decreased, and total VFA concentration (p=0.003) was increased. The ratio of acetate to propionate decreased due to the increasing of propionate concentration (p=0.034). The obtained results indicated that N-Se supplementation positively improved ruminal fermentation and metabolic status. It was concluded that N-Se can be used as an alternatively available selenium source in sheep.Öğe Effects of nano zinc oxide supplementation on metabolic parameters during the transition period in Lacaune ewes(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Budak, DuyguThis study was conducted to determine the influence of nano zinc oxide (N-ZnO) on metabolic parameters in transition periods of the Lacaune ewes. The animals were allocated into two equal groups: the control group (n = 10) and the experimental group (n = 10) supplemented with 20 mg/kg of N-ZnO. Blood samples were collected from all ewes on days ?30, ?15, 0 (parturition), + 15 and +30. A time effect was observed on aspartate aminotransferase which decreased in both groups from day ?30 to day 0 (P ? 0.05). All ewes on day 0 had lower alanine aminotransferase than on day ?30 (P ? 0.001) and day ?15 (P ? 0.05). In both groups, albumin and total protein levels on day ?30, blood urea nitrogen level on day +30 (P ? 0.001), ?-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acid levels on day +15 (P ? 0.05) were higher. Triglycerides on day +30, glucose on days ?15, 0, + 30 were lower (P ? 0.001). Blood calcium was lower (P ? 0.05) and zinc was higher on day +30 (P ? 0.001). In conclusion, there was no significant effect of N-ZnO/kg supplementation during the transition period, but changes in metabolic parameters due to a time effect were observed.Öğe Fattening Performance and Some Carcass Characteristics of Hereford and Angus Steers Fed a High Roughage(Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2023) Kayar, Tamer; Budak, DuyguThis study was carried out to compare the fattening performances, some slaughter and carcass characteristics of 10-month-old Hereford (HER) and Angus (ANG) steers fed a high roughage with the same care and feeding conditions in Türkiye. A total of 40 steers, 20 HER and 20 ANG from the same herd, were selected as homogeneously and randomly divided into two groups. The average body weights of the breeds were determined as 276.85±9.70 and 288.10±9.86 kg, respectively, and the differences between the breeds were insignificant (P>0.050). All animals were fed ad-libitum with two different Total Mixed Rations (TMRs) prepared with a concentrate: roughage ratio of 34:66% during the fattening. In the experiment, fattening feed containing 14.12% crude protein (CP) and 2671 kcal/kg metabolic energy (ME) for the first 300 days and fattening finisher feed containing 14.11% CP and 2717 kcal/kg ME for the last 45 days were used. At the end of the study, which lasted for a total of 345 days, the 1 kg live weight costs of the animals were calculated. Differences were insignificant between the two breeds in terms of body weights, final weights (slaughter weights), total weight gains, daily live weight gains, daily dry matter consumption, feed conversion ratios, hot and cold carcass weights, head weight to carcass ratio and longissimus muscle area (LMA) during fattening (P>0.050). Head and skin weights (P=0.000 and P=0.003) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) (P=0.000) were higher in the HER breed. The profit ratio with the cost did not change. It was concluded that both breeds had similar characteristics.Öğe Moisture optimization and energy saving effects of combined organic acid and surfactant ınclusion in pelleted feed production(Turkish Science and Technology Publishing (TURSTEP), 2024) Budak, Duygu; Bilgeçli, KazımÖz: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of inclusion of an organic acid and surfactant (OS) combination on moisture optimization and energy sparing in the production of pelleted compound feeds for dairy and beef cattle. The trial was carried out in two independent private commercial feed factories (factories A and B) producing cattle feed in pellet form. Each factory produced 21 tons of commercial cattle feed (7 batches; 3 tons per batch); factory A, a dairy feed containing 2620 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME) with 18.90% crude protein (CP); and factory B, a fattening feed containing 2550 kcal/kg ME with 13.00% CP. Batches for the treatment groups were prepared by adding 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/ton of OS (Fylax flow) respectively to these basal feeds in the mixer. The moisture retention capacity during pelleting process of all three OS supplemented feeds increased in comparison to the basal feed, whilst moisture content of the finished feeds and energy consumed for production decreased significantly. It was observed that increasing the OS supplementation to 1.5 kg could further increase the moisture retention capacity and moisture content in pellet production compared to the feeds supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 kg OS, due to the lower power rating of the equipment. It has thus been concluded that adding 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg of OS to commercial compound feeds for dairy resulted in a profitable production with good moisture optimization and energy savings during pelleting.Öğe Potential protective effect of hesperidin (Vitamin P) against hlyphosate-induced spermatogenesis damage in male rats: biochemical and histopathological findings on reproductive parameters(MDPI, 2024) Güngör, Şükrü; Kırıkkulak, Murat; Denk, Barış; Gülhan, Mehmet Fuat; Güleş, Özay; Budak, Duygu; İnanç, Muhammed Enes; Avdatek, Fatih; Yeni, Deniz; Taşdemir, UmutThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of hesperidin (HES) on testicular histopathological changes, biochemical changes, and semen characteristics in rats exposed to glyphosate (GLP). The control group was given a normal diet devoid of GLP and HES, the HES group was given 100 mg/kg/day HES with the normal diet, the GLP group was given GLP at the LD50/10 dose of normal feed, which was 787.85 mg/kg/day, and the GLP + HES group was given normal feed containing 787.85 mg/kg/day LD50/10 dose of GLP in addition to 100 mg/kg/day HES. GLP administration reduced sperm motility, sperm plasma membrane integrity, glutathione levels, and total antioxidant levels in the testicular tissues of rats. Moreover, it caused an increase in right testis and left epididymis weights, abnormal sperm counts, malondialdehyde levels, total oxidant status, and DNA damage. The HES treatment showed curative effects on these parameters. Furthermore, HES was effective in lessening the histopathological damage that was caused by GLP. The results showedthat HES protects spermatological parameters and DNA integrity, improves antioxidant defenses, and lowers the damage and lipid peroxidation caused by GLP in testicular tissue.Öğe The effects of humic acid addition to ration on the fattening performance and some oxidative stress parameters in anatolian merino lambs(İlker Çamkerten, 2022) Budak, Duygu; Doğan Daş, Besime; Özkurt, Güzin; Halıcı, İbrahimIn this study, it is aimed to determine the effects of adding humic acid to ration of Anatolian Merino lambs on the fattening performance and some oxidative stress level by using thiol / disulfide balance measurement method. In the study, singleton 32 male Anatolian Merino lambs with an average age of 2.5 months were used. The experiment was carried out by forming a control group without additives and four trial groups, three of which were added with humic acid (2, 4, 6 g/kg), with 8 replications in each group for a total of 70 days. The lambs housed in the group partitions were fed with 350g/day/head of alfalfa grass as roughage and lamb grower feed ad-libitum containing 2750 kcal/kg DM ME, 16% HP until the end of the trial. At the end of the research; intra-group native thiol (NTL, ?mol/L) values increased on the 30 th day (P<0.05) in all groups except the control group, while total antioxidant status (TAS, mmol/L), total thiol (TTL, µmol/L) and disulfide values increased on the 60 th day in all groups including the control group ( P?0.001) was observed. In terms of lambs' feed consumption, live weights, body weight gains, feed conversion ratios, TAS, total oxidant status (TOS, ?mol/L), OSI, TTL, NTL and disulfide was found that there was no significant difference between groups (P?0.05). It was concluded that the humic acid additive was not effective on the fattening performance, but 4 or 6 g/kg could be added to the lamb rations due to the increase in thiol groups, which have an important role in the antioxidant defense system.Öğe The effects of long-chain fatty acids supplemented to rations during the transition and early lactation periods on reproductive performance in Simmental cattle with low estrus signs(Elsevier, 2023) Budak, Duygu; Taşdemir, Umut; Avdatek, FatihThis study is based on the hypothesis that adding rumen bypass unsaturated fatty acids to rations during the transition and early lactation periods will reduce metabolic stress, milk fat synthesis, and milk fat concentration, increase the prevalence of estrus signs and fertilization rates and facilitate the implantation of the embryo. Thus, it was aimed to reveal the effects of calcium soap of long-chain fatty acids (CSFA) added to rations during the transition and early lactation periods in Simmental cattle with low estrus signs. Primiparous and multiparous Simmental cattle were used in the study. The animals were divided into two groups by random sampling, including 62 animals in the CSFA diet group and 44 animals in the basal ration (control; C) group. The modified Ovsynch protocol was used as the synchronization protocol. Pre-ovulatory follicle and uterine tension values were not significantly different between the CSFA and C groups (p>0.05). The rates of both the standing reflex and cervical mucus were greater in the CSFA group than in C (p<0.05). Conception rates on the 30th-35th and 60th-65th days were greater in the CSFA diet group than in C (p<0.05). Consequently, in this study, a positive correlation was identified between the appearance of estrus signs at the time of TAI application and conception outcomes. It was determined that supplementing 800 g/day CSFA to the rations of Simmental cattle with low rates of estrus signs in the transition and early lactation periods increased estrus signs and conception rates.Öğe The effects of nutritional periods on oxidative stress levels in lambs during birth-weaning period(Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Budak, Duygu; Doğan Daş, Besime; Çamkerten, Güzin; Kal, YavuzIn this study were used 40 newborn singleton Akkaraman and Merino lambs with 4 trial groups consisting of selected 10 lambs homogeneous according to race and gender. Trial was carried out 100 days, covering 5 feeding periods with 21-day periods the first application is on the 14th day from the birth of lambs. The lambs were fed with lamb starter feed for the first two months, then with lamb grower feed ad-libitum and 250 g/day/head dry alfalfa hay. At the end of the study; it was determined that the lowest total antioxidant status (TAS) was in Akkaraman male lambs, the highest was in Merino’s female, and it was found higher in Merino females than males (P<0.05). There was no difference between the groups in terms of total oxidant status (TOS) and native thiol (NTL), during the trial (P?0.05). Oxidative stress index (OSI) obtained from Akkaraman lambs was found to be higher than Merino, lower OSI was reached in female Merino's, and total thiol (TTL) were increased in Merino male lambs compared to Akkaraman (P<0.05). It was concluded that the Merino had better adaptation to feeding after weaning than the Akkaraman.Öğe The Effects of Pre-weaning and Post-weaning Feeding Periods on Biochemical Parameters in Terms of Metabolic Profile in Dorper and Lacaune Lambs(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2024) Budak, DuyguThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding on biochemical parameters in terms of metabolic profile in female and male lambs of Dorper and Lacaune breeds at the developmental stages from birth. Methods: A total of 32 singleton newborn Dorper and Lacaune breed lambs (n=8 for each group; male and female) were used. The trial was continued total of 5 nutritional periods each of 21-day after the first two weeks (0-14 days) suckling period. The biochemical parameters determined were paraoxonase 1 (PON1), ischemia modified albumin (IMA), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), aspartat amino transferase (AST), alanin amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Result: PON1 activity of all lambs was found to be low during the suckling period (P?0.001). The highest IMA value was reached in against to the decrease in TP and ALP levels during the weaning period (P?0.001). There was no difference between the groups in terms of PON1, TP, ALB and ALP. Increases were observed in the AST, ALT, IMA and MDA levels of male Dorpers. (P?0.05). It was concluded that adaptation periods to solid feeds may cause oxidative damage or variable metabolic activity in male Dorpers.Öğe The impact of wheat straw and alfalfa additives on quality and in vitro digestibility of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) waste silage(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Doğan Daş, Besime; Avcı, Mehmet; Denek, Nihat; Kırar, Nurcan; Budak, Duygu; Akar, EyüpSeed pumpkin waste is a significant portion of the vast quantities of vegetable waste generated annually, which has the potential to be used as feed for livestock. The disposal of pumpkin waste, which is unsuitable for human consumption, has the potential to reduce conflict between humans and cattle for agricultural land. This study examined the quality, aerobic stability, and in vitro organic matter digestion of silage generated by combining seed pumpkin waste with wheat straw and alfalfa in varying proportions. Methods: The consisted of seven different mixtures of pumpkin seed waste with wheat straw and alfalfa. The mixtures were, control (100% pumpkin), P85S15 (85% pumpkin, 15% wheat straw), P80S20 (80% pumpkin, 20% wheat straw), P75S25 (75% pumpkin, 25% wheat straw), P70S15A15 (70% pumpkin, 15% wheat straw, 15% alfalfa), P60S20A20 (60% pumpkin, 20% wheat straw, 20% alfalfa), and P50S25A25 (50% pumpkin, 25% wheat straw, 25% alfalfa). These mixtures were compressed into 1.5-liter glass jars and then ensiled. The silages were opened after a fermentation period of 60 days. The pH, ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids were determined after the fermentation period. Result: The pH values of the silage mixtures varied between 3.57 and 4.19. Aerobic stability values (CO2 formation) increased with the addition of straw and alfalfa. Fleig score calculations were ranked as ‘good’ and ‘very good’. Conclusion: It is concluded that pumpkin waste, which has high moisture content, can be used as a source of roughage in animal feeding when the silage is made with the additives of wheat straw and alfalfa. The use of pumpkins as silage is of great significance in Turkey, as it serves to reduce environmental pollution and offers an alternative source of ruminant roughage. This may be achieved by making a silage mixture that incorporates pumpkins, wheat straw, and alfalfa.
