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    Morphological and biochemical changes in response to salinity in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) cultivars
    (PAGEPRESS PUBL, 2018) Taher, Mehdi; Beyaz, Ramazan; Javani, Marieh; Gürsoy, Mehtap; Yıldız, Mustafa
    This study was conducted to evaluate the alterations of some morphological and biochemical parameters of sunflower cultivars ('08-TR-003', 'TR-3080' and TARSAN- I 018') under salt stress. For this aim, the seedling of sunflower cultivars was irrigated with tap water as a control, and with salinised water With 50, 150 and 250 mM NaC1 for 30 days under controlled conditions. Salinity caused an apparent reduction in morphological parameters (plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry matter and water content) in all cultivars. Salt stress significantly (P<0.01) reduced the activity of ghttathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in all sunflower cultivars expect for superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. According to our results, SOD seems to play a key role in the antioxidative process in salt treated sunflower plants. Proline and malondialdehyde contents were significantly (P9.0.05) increased under salt stress in all cultivars. Among the cultivars 'TR-3080' had greater values in terms of morphological (plant height. leaf area. fresh weight, water content) and biochemical APX and SOD (secondly) activities and proline contents] parameters. In the light of these findings. cv. 'TR-3080' seems to he less affected by salt stress.
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    The effect of boron on the morphologıcal and physıologıcal responses of sunflower seedlıngs (helıanthus annuus l.)
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Beyaz, Ramazan; GÜrsoy, Mehtap; Aycan, Murat; Yıldız, Mustafa
    Boron, an essential element for many organisms, has a unique role in plant metabolism. Boron plays a vital role in cell propagation, plant growth, photosynthesis and various metabolic pathways. Although there have been different studies on the effects of boron on the sunflower, the number of studies of the effect of boron on its antioxidant defense mechanism is limited. This study aimed to determine the effect of boron on the morphological (leaf area) and physiological (chlorophyll contents and SOD, CAT, GR, and APX enzymes) characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants during the seedling growth period. The study used 250 g of turf contained in 15 cm x 13 cm pots. For each boron dose, six pots were used, and five seeds were planted in each pot, which were pressed down after covering with 75 g turf, and 100 ml of water was used for the first irrigation of each pot. Seedlings, which emerged in about a week, were irrigated every two days for two weeks with 100 ml of water containing boron (Na2O5B2O3.10H(2)O) at different doses of 0 (control) and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg 1(-1) per pot. The largest leaf areas (2nd and 3rd) were observed in the seedlings irrigated with water containing 1 mg 1(-1) of boron. Chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll) decreased with increasing boron doses (10.39%, 31.78% and 31.27%, respectively), whereas GR and CAT activities increased (0.1% and 49.46%), and SOD and APX activities decreased (18.18% and 0.07%) with increasing doses of boron.