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Öğe Biological, mechanical, optical and physicochemical properties of natural chitin films obtained from the dorsal pronotum and the wing of cockroach(Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Kaya, Murat; Sargın, İdris; Sabeckis, Ignas; Noreikaite, Deimante; Erdönmez, Demet; Salaberria, Asier Martinez; Labidi, Jalel; Baublys, Vykintas; Tubelyt?, VaidaIn previous studies, chitin-based films were produced from chitin nanofibers in dust form and fully characterized. However, chitin films naturally present.in many organisms have not been isolated and characterized. Herein, structurally intact chitin films were successfully extracted from the dorsal pronoturn and the wing of cockroach. Despite using the same extraction procedure, important differences were observed. Especially, hydrophobicity, transparency, antifungal and antibacterial biofilm activities of wing chitin film were recorded notably higher than those of chitin film from the dorsal pronotum. However, better mechanical properties were observed for chitin film from the dorsal pronotum. Notably, among the tested bacteria, two common pathogens could not form biofilms on the surface of the films. This study clearly demonstrated natural chitin films obtained from an insect can provide a new perspective to chitin-based applications where chitin films with high thermal stability, transparency, resistance to bacterial biofilm formation and antifungal activity are needed.Öğe Comparison of physicochemical properties of chitins isolated from an insect (Melolontha melolontha) and a crustacean species (Oniscus asellus)(Springer, 2014) Kaya, Murat; Baublys, Vykintas; Can, Esra; Satkauskiene, Ingrida; Bitim, Betül; Tubelyte, Vaida; Baran, TalatThe chitin structures of two common European species belonging to Insecta (Melolontha melolontha) and Crustacea (Oniscus asellus) were isolated. The same procedure is followed for chitin isolations for both the species. First, HCl was used for removing of minerals in the organisms, and then, the protein structure was removed by using NaOH. Chitins obtained from these two species were characterized physicochemically. Physicochemical properties of chitins isolated from the insect and the crustacean were compared to each other. The chitin content for dry weights of M. melolontha and O. asellus were recorded as 13-14 and 6-7 %, respectively. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis were found to be more or less similar. The surface morphologies of chitins were examined via environmental scanning electron microscopy and nanofibers, and pore structures were observed. While the chitin nanofibers of O. asellus were adherent to each other, nanofibers of M. melolontha were non-adherent. On the other hand, the number of pores was much higher in the chitin from M. melolontha than in the chitin from O. asellus. Looking at the elemental analysis results, the M. melolontha chitin was found to be more pure than the O. asellus chitin. For this reason, M. melolontha has been considered more attractive source for chitin than O. asellus.Öğe Conversion of waste parasitic insect (Hylobius abietis L.) into antioxidative, antimicrobial and biodegradable films(Tech Science Press, 2019) Kaya, Murat; Sargın, İdris; Mulercikas, Povilas; Labidi, Jalel; Salaberria, Asier Martinez; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim; Kazlauskaite, Sonata; Erdönmez, Demet; Baublys, VykintasHylobius abietis is a plant parasitic insect belonging to the order Coleoptera and which causes severe damages to coniferous forests in Northern and Eastern Europe. This current study is aimed to provide a new viewpoint into the waste of this insect by producing chitosan. Dry insect corpses consisted of 27.9% chitin and 86.2% of the chitin was converted into the chitosan. FT-IR spectra analyses confirmed the purity and the deacetylation degree of the produced chitosan (molecular weight of chitosan; 7.3 kDa). This chitosan exhibited antimicrobial activity against 18 bacterial strains. Further, biodegradable chitosan composite films with beta-carotene were produced. Antioxidant activity of chitosan films were found to be higher than chitosan gels; and beta-carotene incorporation further increased the antioxidative properties of the chitosan films. This study demonstrated that the waste of parasitic insect like H. abietis can be evaluated as a source for production of biodegradable and edible chitosan-based films for applications in food coating.Öğe First chitin extraction from Plumatella repens (Bryozoa) with comparison to chitins of insect and fungal origin(Elsevier, 2015) Kaya, Murat; Baublys, Vykintas; Satkauskiene, Ingrida; Akyüz, Bahar; Bulut, Esra; Tubelyte, VaidaChitin immediately suggests the representatives of the kingdom Fungi, as well as such phyla as Annelida, Mollusca, Porifera, Cnidaria and, mostly, Arthropoda. Although Bryozoa also represents a chitin-containing phylum, no study has been developed yet on the isolation or characterization of the chitin from it. In this study, physiochemical properties of the chitin isolated from Plumatella repens belonging to the phylum Bryozoa was determined for the first time. The chitin structure was also studied comparatively by isolating chitin from an insect species (Palomena prasina) of the phylum Arthropoda, and Fames fomentarius belonging to the kingdom Fungi. It was observed that the bryozoan chitin was in the a form, as in the arthropod and fungal chitins. The chitin contents in the dry weight of the bryozoan, fungal and insect species were observed to be 13.3%, 2.4%, and 10.8%, respectively. The insect chitin exhibited the highest thermal stability followed by that of the bryozoan and then the fungal chitins. Surface morphologies reveal that the insect and bryozoan chitins were composed of nano fibre and pore structures, whereas the fungal chitin had no pores or fibres. The crystallinity of the insect chitin (CrI = 84.9%) was higher than the bryozoan (CrI = 60.1%) and fungal chitins (CrI = 58.5%). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe How taxonomic relations affect the physicochemical properties of chitin(Springer, 2016) Kaya, Murat; Baublys, Vykintas; Sargın, İdris; Satkauskiene, Ingrida; Paulauskas, Algimantas; Akyüz, Bahar; Bulut, Esra; Tubelyte, Vaida; Baran, Talat; Seyyar, Osman; Kabalak, Mahmut; Yurtmen, HuseyinChitin specimens from 16 arthropod species (13 of Insecta and 3 of Arachnida) were isolated for the first time using the same method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and elemental analysis have been applied to determine how physicochemical properties of chitin specimens are affected by taxonomic relationship. The characterisation studies revealed that physicochemical nature of the chitin specimens differed greatly and were found partially specific to taxa. Significant differences in the surface morphologies of chitin specimens were observed even in the same order. However, the chitin contents were recorded to be specific to the order in the class Insecta. The highest chitin content was observed in Coleoptera (18.2-25.2 %) followed by Hemiptera (10.6-14.5 %), Odonata (9.5-10.1 %), Hymenoptera (7.8-9.3 %), Diptera (8.1 %), Blattodea (4.7 %). In addition, the crystalline index (CrI) values of chitin specimens from Coleoptera were found to be higher than the other orders in Insecta. This study revealed that the chitin contents and CrI values can be related to taxonomical relationships.Öğe Three-dimensional chitin rings from body segments of a pet diplopod species: Characterization and protein interaction studies(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016) Kaya, Murat; Mulercikas, Povilas; Sargın, İdris; Kazlauskaite, Sonata; Baublys, Vykintas; Akyuz, Bahar; Bulut, Esra; Tubelyte, VaidaPhysicochemical characterization of new chitin isolates can provide valuable insights into designing of biomimetic materials. Chitin isolates with a definite three-dimensional (3D) structure can exhibit characteristics that distinguish them from other chitin specimens that are in form of powder or flakes without a definite and uniform shape. Herein, 3D chitin rings were produced from body segments of a diplopod (Archispirostreptus gigas) inhabiting tropical regions. This organism is cultured easily and can reach 38 cm in length, which makes it a suitable source for isolation of chitin. The chitin rings were characterized via TGA, FT-IR, SEM and XRD analyses. Enzymatic digestion test with chitinase demonstrated that chitin isolates had high purity (digestion rate: 97.4%). The source organism had high chitin content; 21.02 +/- 2.23% on dry weight. Interactions of the chitin rings with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein were studied under different conditions (pH: 4.0-8.0, chitin amount: 6-14 mg, contact time: 30-360 min, protein concentration: 0.2-1 mg/mL). The highest BSA adsorption was observed at pH 5.0 at 20 degrees C. The adsorption equilibrium data exhibited a better fit to Langmuir adsorption and the pseudo-first order kinetic models. The findings presented here can be useful for further studies aiming to develop biocompatible and nontoxic biomaterials.Öğe Usage of natural chitosan membrane obtained from insect corneal lenses as a drug carrier and its potential for point of care tests(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) İlk, Sedef; Ramanauskait?, Aurelija; Koç Bilican, Behlül; Muler?ikas, Povilas; Çam, Dilek; Onses, Mustafa Serdar; Torun, İlker; Kazlauskait?, Sonata; Baublys, Vykintas; Aydın, ÖmerChitosan is an indispensable biopolymer for use as a drug carrier thanks to its non-toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, antimicrobial, and anti-oxidative nature. In previous studies, chitosan was first dissolved into weak acids and formed into gel, then used for carrying pharmaceutically active compounds such as nanoparticles, capsules, composites, and films. Using the produced chitosan gel after dissolving it in weak acids has advantages, such as ease of processing for loading the required amount of active substance and making the desired shape and size. However, dissolved chitosan loses some of its natural properties such as fibrous structure, crystallinity, and thermal stability. In this study, for the first time, three-dimensional chitosan lenses obtained from an insect's (Tabanus bovinus) compound eyes, with the original shape intact, were tested as a drug carrier. A model drug, quercetin, was loaded into chitosan membrane, and its release profile was examined. Also, a point-of-care test was conducted for both chitin and chitosan membranes. Chitin and chitosan membranes obtained from insect corneal lenses were characterized by using FTIR, TGA, elemental analysis, and surface wettability analysis as well as stereo, binocular, and scanning electron microscopies. It was observed that chitosan membrane could be used as a drug carrier material. Both chitin and chitosan membranes will be improved for lateral flow assay, and these membranes can be tested for other bioengineering applications in further studies.
