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Öğe An in vitro antimicrobial activity of Beauveria bassiana secondary metabolites(University of Agriculture, 2023) Aksoy, Adil; Dmour, Saif M.; Qaralleh, Haitham; Alwaneen, Waleed S.; Farsi, Reem M.; Alreemi, Roaa M.; El Hindi, Mahmoud W.; Mosleh, Farida N.; Mazloom, Sabreen El; Priskaningrum, Almira M.Fungi are organisms that provide various environmental services. Beauveria (B.) bassiana (Order: Hypocreales, Family: Cordycipitaceae) is an example of an entomopathogenic fungus developed and used for many agricultural, biomedical, and medicinal purposes. A crude extract of B. bassiana was made using a culture broth to test its antimicrobial effects against several animal pathogenic bacteria, comprising Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae, Escherichia (E.) coli, and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and fungi (Candida (C.) albicans). In 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, a liquid median (100 ml) was infected with 1 ml of an aqueous conidial suspension (107 conidia/ml). The flasks were incubated at 27.2°C on a rotary shaker (180 rpm) for seven days. The fermented broth was filtered to remove the biomass and obtain a crude extract of B. bassiana at various concentrations, which was later used for the disk diffusion method. Results demonstrated that the crude extracts effectively against the tested microorganisms and fungi. The B. bassiana extract showed an effect against K. pneumoniae, C. albicans, S. aureus, and E. coli with inhibition zones measuring 22, 23, 25, and 27 mm in diameter, respectively. The regression analysis indicated that each concentrate increase in B. bassiana culture filtrate showed a significant increase in the inhibition zone by 0.2342, 0.2330, 0.1909, and 0.2010 mm for the groups of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans, respectively. The amplification of the BbbsIS gene produced a single fragment of an approximate length of 156-190 bp. This study confirmed that the antimicrobial drug could be produced from B. bassiana extracts to prevent many diseases associated with microbial and fungal infections. It also developed an approach constructed by absolute PCR quantification for the expression of genes encoding the synthetase enzymes of the secondary metabolites viz., bassianolide (BbbslS), beauvericin (BbbeaS), and B-tubulin during the initial times of contagion.Öğe Antibacterial activity of metallic-core gold and silver nanoparticles against some animal pathogens(Sciendo, 2023) Aksoy, Adil; Alazragi, Reem; Alabdali, Aya Y.M.; Aljazzar, Raed; Sadi, Salah El; Alostaz, Mohammed; Hindi, Mahmoud ElThe current work aimed to find substitutes for antibiotics because of the side effects of antibacterial agents and the expansion of bacterial resistance to these agents. The scope of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) against selected animal pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus abortus and Mycobacterium bovis). The synthesized nanoparticles were distinguished by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and tested for antibacterial activity with the broth microdilution method, well diffusion assay, and minimum bactericidal concentration procedure. Results showed that both AuNPs and AgNPs displayed good antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The strongest antibacterial action of AgNPS (18 mm) was contra E. coli. AuNPs displayed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. bovis with a suppression area of 14 mm. Therefore, it is suggested that AgNPs and AuNPs could be effectively used against animal pathogens and may contribute to reducing antibiotic resistance. However, there is a need for further research on the in vivo toxicity and mechanisms of action of AuNPs and AgNPs.Öğe Antidiabetic effects and enzymatic antioxidant activity of chicken drumstick mushroom (Coprinus comatus) extract in diabetic rats model(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2022) Ratnaningtyas, Nuniek Ina; Husen, Fajar; Sukmawati, Dalia; Wibowo, Eko Setio; Hikam, Arif Rahman; Aksoy, AdilCoprinus comatus (O.F. Mull.) Pers. is a medicinal and edible mushroom containing bioactive compounds known as antidiabetic and antioxidant agents. The pancreatic ?-cells were sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacks, which can cause necrosis and disrupt insulin production. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the C. comatus ethyl acetate extract for antidiabetic and antioxidant to decrease fasting blood glucose, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme (DPP-4) levels, and increase glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Subsequently, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, namely 2-5 streptozotocin (STZ)-induced 45 mg/kg, 1/HC (without any treatment), 2/NC (negative control), 3/PC (administered metformin 45 mg/kg Body weight (BW), 4-6 (T1: administered 250 mg, T2: administered 500 mg, and T3: administered 750 mg/kg BW extract). The parameters were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. According to the results, the extract significantly decreased DPP-4 levels, blood glucose and increased GPx (p ? 0.05). The 500 mg extract effectively reduced blood glucose levels and DPP-4 enzyme as well as increased levels of GPx.Öğe Antimicrobial susceptibility and detection of genes for antimicrobial resistance of mycoplasma bovis, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2021) Aksoy, AdilBackground: Mycoplasma bovis (Gram-positive bacteria) belongs the class Mollicutes and to the family Mycoplasmataceae (Maunsell and Donovan, 2009). It is a cell wall-less bacterium and are instead enveloped by a complex plasma membrane. In cattle, M. bovis is widely known causes various diseases, such respiratory disease, mastitis, arthritis and otitis. Methods: The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and identify the genes for antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma bovis PG45, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. M. bovis PG45, S. aureus and E.coli were subjected to test for their sensitivity to various clinically important antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor Cefalexin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Amikacin, Ampicillin, Oxacilin, Amoxyclav, Rifampicin, Penicillin G and Tylosin). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each antimicrobial agent was determined by applying an agar dilution method. Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify specific DNA fragments and thus to determine the presence or absence of a target gene (VspA, tet k and tetA). Result: Showed the MIC values and the presence of VspA, tetK and tetA in M. bovis PG45, S. aureus and E. coli respectively.Öğe Combination of cysteamine and lipoic acid ımproves the post-thawed bull sperm parameters(2016) Güngör, Şükrü; Aksoy, Adil; Yeni, Deniz; Avdatek, Fatih; Öztürk, Caner; Ataman, Mehmet Bozkurt; Coyan, Kenan; Bucak, Mustafa NumanThe present study was conducted to examine the protective roles of cysteamine, trehalose, alpha-lipoic acid and combinations of these antioxidants on post-thawed bull sperm and oxidative stress parameters. Five healthy Holstein bull (3-4 years old) were used. Eight ejaculates for each bull were collected and pooled. Pooled ejaculate, splitted into seven equal aliquots and diluted at 37 °C with base extenders containing cysteamine 2 mM, trehalose 50 mM, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) 1 mM, cysteamine 2 mM + trehalose 50 mM, ALA 1 mM + trehalose 50 mM, cysteamine 2 mM + ALA 1 mM and no antioxidant (control), was cooled to 5 °C and then frozen. Frozen straws were thawed in a water bath for evaluation. The combination of cysteamine 2 mM and ALA 1 mM of the semen extender improved the percentages of post-thawed subjective motility (68 ± 2.7%), and progressive motility (42.9 ± 4.7%), compared with the controls (61 ± 4.2% and 37.5 ± 8%, respectively, non- significantly, P>0.05). The supplementation of the semen extender with combination of cysteamine 2 mM and ALA 1 mM produced a higher acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity (52.02 ± 6.4% and 32 ± 4.1%, respectively), compared with the controls (30.5 ± 1.7 and 14.02 ± 3.5% respectively, P < 0.05). Combination of cysteamine and ALA antioxidants in semen extenders provided the benefit in terms of sperm motilities, acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity on frozen-thawed bull spermÖğe Comparative evaluation of the effects of binzalkonium chloride, iodine, gluteraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide disinfectants against avian salmonellae focusing on genotypic resistance pattern of the salmonellae serotypes toward benzalkonium chloride(Fundacao APINCO de Ciencia e Tecnologia Avicolas, 2020) Aksoy, Adil; El Kahlout, Kamal E.M.; Yardımcı, HakanUsing disinfectants in poultry houses is a common practice to ban the zoonotic pathogens like Salmonella. A major concern in using disinfectants is the emergence of bacteria strains that resist some disinfectants. This phenomenon is manifested in the resistance of some Salmonella serotypes against quaternary ammonium compounds. Such resistance is attributed to qacED1 gene which may be possessed by some Salmonella serotypes. This work aimed to evaluate the resistance of Salmonella serotypes (S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis and S. Entiridis) against different disinfectants (benzalkonium chloride, iodine, gluteraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide). The effect of the disinfectants were evaluated by treatment of the bacteria with different concentrations (1:100, 200 and 400) at different temperatures and periods. Bacterial count was performed before and after the treatment. PCR for presence of qacED1 gene was also performed before and after the treatment. The biocidal effect of the disinfectants found to be dependent on concentration, temperature and treatment period in addition to the type of the disinfectant. Hydrogen peroxide proved to be the most active agent followed by gluteradehyde, iodine and benzalkonium chloride. A link between the resistance against benzalkonium chloride and the existence of qacED1 gene was proven in S. Typhimurium, whether treated or not treated with benzalkonium chloride.Öğe Exploitation of selected plant extracts as bio-control against fungal contaminants in animal feed(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Ullah, Raza; Touseef, Isfahan; Abid, Rameesha; Farid, Arshad; Ahmad, Sohail; Ali El Enshasy, Hesham; Aksoy, Adil; Aljarba, Nada H.; Mohamed Al–Hazani, Tahani; Muzammal, Muhammad; Ghazanfar, ShakiraPakistan is among the top agricultural countries around the globe, but mycotoxin contamination causes a major commercial loss every year. The present study aimed to isolate the fungi and their mycotoxins present in contaminated feed of animals in the local market of Peshawar. Methodology: The antifungal activity of certain plant extracts was to be tested against pathogenic fungi. TLC method was used for mycotoxin analysis and it was found that Aflatoxin G1, G2, B1 and B2 were present in different amounts both qualitatively and quantitatively based on samples. Result: This study found the presence of contamination in all the tested feed samples. All ten samples were found positive for Aspergillus flavus. B1 toxin was found in high quantity in all ten samples, while G2 was found in a lower quantity as compared to other toxins such as G1, B1 and B2. The quantity of aflatoxin was from 48.6 to 284.7 ppb in 25 g of samples. In the case of antifungal potency, all plant extracts showed important antifungal potency against tested fungi. The MIC and MFC values noted ranged from 110 to 300 mg/ml and 100–300 mg/ml respectively. Citrus aurantium and Myrtus communis were absorbed to have antifungal potency against all test fungi. Citrus aurantium extracts were also found to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus. Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, a variety of fungal strains and aflatoxins were present in animal feed in numerous parts of Peshawar, Pakistan and different plant extracts can be used in animal feed to reduce this type of contamination.Öğe First isolation of alternaria alternata from a dog in Turkey [Türkiye’deki bir köpekte ilk Alternaria alternata izolasyonu](Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers, 2017) Avsever, Meriç Lütfi; Hilmioğlu Polat, Süleyha; Çamkerten, İlker; Aksoy, AdilAlternaria alternata is a fungus species which can infect animals and people as well as being commonly found in nature. On the other hand, animals with Alternaria infection can infect other animals and people by spreading a high amount of fungal spores. In this work, Alternaria alternata was detected for the first time in Turkey from the skin lesions of a dog, an antifungal susceptiblity testing was carried out and treatment with itracanozole to which the agent showed susceptibility was accomplished. The aim of this work was to report the Alternaria infection in dogs in Turkey for the first time, to draw attention to the zoonotic dimension of this disease and to emphasize the importance of antifungal susceptibility tests. © 2017, Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers. All rights reserved.Öğe First isolation of vibrio furnissii (Emerging vibrio) from mussels (mediterranean mussel and bearded mussel) in turkey [Türkiye’deki midyelerden (Kara midye ve kıllı midye) ilk Vibrio furnissii (emerging Vibrio) izolasyonu](Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers, 2017) Çamkerten, İlker; Avsever, Meriç Lütfi; Aksoy, AdilVibrio furnissii is an emerging pathogen that can cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. In this work, 652 bivalve mollusc samples (wedge shell-Donax trunculus, L.1758, oyster-Ostrea edulis, L.1758, cockle-Venus verrucosa, L.1758, clam-Tapes decussatus, L.1758, bearded mussel-Modiolus barbatus, L.1758, Mediterranean mussel-Mytilus galloprovincialis L.1819, striped venus-Chamelea gallina L.1753) sent to the laboratory from stations in Ayvalık and Balıkesir (Northern Aegean Region of Turkey) between 2007-2010 were researched with conventional microbiological methods and six isolates were identified as Vibrio furnisii. Isolates were later confirmed with PCR using primers specific to toxR gene. Isolation rate of V. furnisii from bivalve molluscs per years were 2007 (2%), 2008 (0.43%), 2009 (1.29%), 2010 (0%) and per shell fish species were mediterranean mussel (3.33%), bearded mussel (3.27%), oyster (3.27%), clam (0%), cockle (0%), wedge shell (0%), striped venus (0 %). In this work, V. furnissi was isolated from mussels in Turkey for the first time and attention was drawn zoonotic importance of the agent. © 2017, Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers. All rights reserved.Öğe Functional Role of Macrofungi as Prebiotics and Health Perspectives(CRC Press, 2023) Galal Darwish, Amira M.; Aksoy, AdilMushrooms have been used since centuries as source of food and also as important part of folk medicine in many ancient cultures. Nowadays, with the increased awareness’s of the importance of healthy food, mushrooms become one of the main components of healthy food food and food supplements. In addition to the known functional role in prevention and treatment of many diseases, recent research find also that it includes also many nutrients which can act as prebiotic. This plays crucial role as natural supplement to provide healthy growth of human and animal through supporting the growth of microbiome and thus, increase the functional role of probiotics. This chapter will highlight the recent development of mushroom research as functional prebiotic source for both human and animal health.Öğe Impacts of Bacillus probiotics on productive performance and egg quality criteria in laying Japanese quails(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Cufadar, Yusuf; Beyari, Eman A.; Hassoubah, Shahira A.; Curabay, Barışcan; Sevim, Behlül; Aksoy, Adil; Alfassam, Haifa E.The present study aimed to determine the effects of adding Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to laying quail diets on performance, egg quality, and internal organ weights. We used 96 laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) at 12 wk of age. The birds were divided into 3 treatment groups (32 quails per group), each divided into 8 replicates (4 quails per replicate). The research was carried out in 3 periods of 28 d each. We used 3 diets; the 1st group served as a control group, receiving only a basal diet. The 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received 0.1% (1×109 CFU/g) B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens as an addition to the basal diet, respectively. Adding B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens did not influence the performance parameters statistically. Also, adding B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens significantly (p < 0.05) impacted the albumen index, Haugh unit, and egg yolk compared to the control group. In contrast, the applied Bacillus species did not affect other egg quality parameter values. The addition of B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens did not significantly influence body weight, heart weight, liver weight, gizzard weight, small intestine length, and cecum length among the slaughter parameters examined. Adding 0.1% (1 × 109 CFU/g), of B. amyloliquefaciens to the laying quail diets can be used without causing a significant difference in performance, egg quality characteristics, and visceral weights compared to the control group.Öğe New spoligotyping pattern of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from farm animals in Turkey(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017) Aysever, Meriç Lütfi; Çavuşoğlu, Cengiz; Yazıcıoğlu, Öznur; Eskiizmirliler, Seza; Erdal, Gülçin; Günen, Münevver Ziynet; Tunalıgil, Serra; Alparslan, Bayram; Aksoy, AdilMycobacterial diseases still have a global impact on human and animal health as well as being the cause of great economic losses. Mycobacterium bovis is the most important tuberculosis agent in animal husbandry, especially in cattle farming. This bacterium also plays a significant role in human infections as it is the second most important tuberculosis agent after Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this work, internal organ samples of four cattle and two goats from six slaughterhouses in the Aegean region (Aydın, Manisa, Muğla, İzmir provinces) presented to the laboratory for tuberculosis diagnosis between 2010-2015 were used. Histopathologic examination and inoculations into Lowenstein-Jensen and BACTEC MGIT 960 liquid media were carried out from these samples. Genotypes of the isolates were determined by spoligotyping. All six isolates were M. bovis SIT 685, BOV. This genotype was previously reported from Argentina, Brazil, Germany, France, Ireland and Great Britain at a low frequency and is considered to be uncommon throughout the world. However, this pattern (SIT 685, BOV) from M. bovis isolated from farm animals in the Aegean region of Turkey shows homology with M. bovis isolates’spoligotyping results from humans in the same region. This result might indicate a possible animal to human transmission of M. bovis. On the other hand, this spoligotype (SIT 685, BOV) was also reported from human samples in the Marmara region of Turkey. Therefore, it can be assumed that this genotype affects a significant portion of the human population in Turkey. As a result of this work, SIT 685, BOV of M. bovis which causes disease in farm animals in Turkey, is reported for the first time, data possibly strengthening the zoonotic aspect of the agent is acquired and attention is drawn to the prevalence of M. bovis SIT 685, BOV in people in Turkey.
