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Öğe A new pollen-derived microcarrier for pantoprazole delivery(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Akyüz, Lalehan; Sargın, İdris; Kaya, Murat; Ceter, Talip; Akata, IlgazPlant-derived carriers have emerged as promising materials for drug encapsulation. Especially, sporopollenin microcapsules extracted from diverse pollen species have been proved to be effective drug carriers due to their biocompatibility, homogeneity in size, resistance to harsh chemical conditions and high thermal stability. Here in this study, sporopollenin microcapsules were isolated successfully from the pollens of a common tree (Cotylus avellana, the European hazelnut) and used as a carrier for pantoprazole (PaNa) (a proton pump inhibitor). The drug entrapment efficiency was recorded as 29.81%. SEM micrographs clearly showed the drug was loaded into the microcapsules through the apertures of microcapsule and also some drugs were adsorbed on the surface of microcapsules. FT-IR spectra analysis confirmed the drug loading. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that thermal stability of PaNa was enhanced by encapsulation. In vitro release studies showed that PaNa-loaded sporopollenin microcapsules exhibited better release performance than the control. C. avellana sporopollenin micro capsules can make an efficient carrier for delivery of PaNa. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Chitin extraction and chitosan production from cell wall of two mushroom species (Lactarius vellereus and Phyllophora ribis)(American Institute Physics, 2017) Erdo?an, Sevil; Kaya, Murat; Akata, Ilgaz; Oral, AY; Oral, ZBB; Sezer, M; Kol, S; Akoz, MEChitin is an important polysaccharide found as supporting material in the cell wall of mushrooms. In this study, chitin and chitosan were obtained from the cell wall of two different mushroom species using chemical method and physicochemically characterized. The dry weight chitin contents of the mushroom species were determined as 11.4% for Lactarius vellereus and 7.9% for Phyllophora ribis. Chitosan yields of the chitins isolated from L. vellereus and P. ribis were 73.1% and 75.3%, respectively. While, the maximum degradation temperatures of vellereus and P. ribis chitins were found to be 354 degrees C and 275 degrees C by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the maximum degadation temperature of the chitosans obtained from these chitins were recorded as 262 degrees C and 229 degrees C, respectively. The crystalline index values of L. vellereus and P. ribis chitins were calculated as 64% and 49%, respectively according to the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) results. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that there were no nanofiber or nanopores on the surface of the chitins and chitosans obtained from these two mushroom species. The results of this study revealed that L. vellereus and P. ribis had higher chitin contents than some other insects and mushroom species recorded in the literature and these species may be used as a potential chitin sources.Öğe Physicochemical properties of chitin and chitosan produced from medicinal fungus (fomitopsis pinicola)(Springer, 2015) Kaya, Murat; Akata, Ilgaz; Baran, Talat; Menteş, AyferFomitopsis pincola, which is used as a medicinal fungus in Asia, is widespread throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The fungus's chitin structure was isolated and characterized in this study. It was found that 30.11 % of the dry weight of the fungus consisted of chitin, a very high portion. The chitosan yield from the chitin was 71.75 %. It was calculated that chitin acetylation was 72.5 % and that deacetylation of chitosan was 73.1 %. The maximum temperature of degradation (DTGmax) recorded for the chitin was 341 A degrees C and was 265 A degrees C for chitosan. The crystalline index (CrI) value of the chitin was 52 %, while it was 41 % for the chitosan. Examination by SEM revealed that the surface morphologies of the chitin and chitosan were formed of nanofibre structures. The FTIR examination identified it as the alpha form of chitin. As F. pinicola is widespread, abundant and has a high chitin and chitosan content, it may be used as an alternative chitin and chitosan source.Öğe Production and characterization of chitosan-fungal extract films(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Koç, Behlül; Akyüz, Lalehan; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim; Sargın, İdris; Salaberria, Asier M.; Labidi, Jalel; İlk, Sedef; Çekiç, Fazilet Özlem; Akata, Ilgaz; Kaya, MuratA fungal extract obtained from an edible species (Tricholoma terreum) was used to produce chitosan-based films. Fungal extracts were analyzed using HPLC and chitosan-based films were characterized with FT-IR, SEM, DSC and TGA analysis. High phenolic content was found in the fungal extracts using HPLC. FT-IR results showed that fungal extracts were successfully added into the chitosan films. The addition of fungal extract increased elasticity, hydrophobicity and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the chitosan films. Additionally, anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activities of chitosan-fungal extract films were found to be much higher than gentamicin (a commonly used antibiotic). However, incorporation of extracts into chitosan films decreased transparency and thermal stability. All these results suggested that chitosan-fungal extract films might be beneficially used to improve food packaging technology.Öğe Production and characterization of nontoxic and biodegradable chitosan-ectomycorrhizal fungi spores blend films(Springer, 2021) Akyüz Yılmaz, Bahar; Karaduman, Tuğçe; Çicek, Mehmet; Akata, Ilgaz; Kaya, MuratThe use of synthetic-based packaging materials can causes health and environmental problems. To overcome these problems, researchers have focused on natural polymers such as cellulose and chitosan, which are easily degradable in nature. Herein, biodegradable composite films were prepared for the first time by including Pisolithus arhizus spores (PS) known as earthball like fungus into the chitosan matrix. The obtained films were characterized by FTIR, TGA, XRD and SEM. Additionally, thickness, soil degradation, water solubility and antioxidant activity tests were done to learn more about the films. Also, the cytotoxicity effect of obtained films against L929 fibroblast cells was studied. A gradual increase was recorded in the thermal stability and antioxidant activity of chitosan/PS composite films. It was observed that the addition of PS significantly increased water solubility compared to the control film (90%). In addition, the reduction of the biodegradation time of the composite films obtained has been confirmed to depend on the PS content. All films had no cytotoxic effects on L929 cells at 24 h and 72 h (all values > 70%). Considering the successful results in the production of chitosan-PS composite films, it is predicted that such production may be a biological alternative that can replace petroleum-based synthetic polymers.
