Yazar "Ahmad, Muhammad Syarhabil" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Pyrolysis of water buffalo manure: Influence of temperature and alkali hydroxide additives on the quality of bio-oil
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Özbay, Günay; Koçak, Ebru; Ahmad, Muhammad Syarhabil
    In this study, the influence of catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis of the water buffalo manure on the physical-chemical characterizations, pyrolysis product yield and chemical composition of bio-oil was studied. The first part of the experiments was performed in a reactor with a diameter of 24 mm and height of 36 cm, running with varying temperature from 350 °C to 550 °C. The highest yield of bio-oil was found 27.6 wt% at 450 °C. After optimum temperature was determined, effects of alkali hydroxides catalysts were investigated. Under the influence of NaOH and KOH used as alkali hydroxide, a reduction in liquid product yield was recorded, while an increase was observed on char and gas yield. The obtained results from elemental analysis depicted that the H/C ratios increased while O/C ratios decreased under the influence of alkali hydroxides catalysts. 1H NMR analysis results showed that aliphatic OH groups constitute the majority of pyrolysis bio-oil. The chemical characterization of bio-oil was conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Alkali hydroxides catalysts had important effect on the chemical content, especially hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids. When the catalysts applied, the percent of hydrocarbons increased, on the other hand the percent of carboxylic acids decreased. This research study revealed the potential of bio-oil obtained from water buffalo pyrolysis can be used as a renewable energy source.
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    Synthesis and characterization of green phenolic resin with olive oil mill wastewater
    (Springer, 2023) Özbay, Günay; Ayrılmış, Nadir; Ahmad, Muhammad Syarhabil
    Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW), a by-product of the olive oil industry, each year is generated millions of tons all over Mediterranean countries. Uncontrolled disposal of the OMW leads to massive environmental problems including soil and water pollution. In this experimental study, the OMW was used to partly replace clean water for getting prepared formaldehyde solution. Then, phenol and formaldehyde solutions were synthesized under alkali conditions to obtain more green phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin. The effect of the OMW substitution level on the chemical and thermal properties of PF resin was examined by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, respectively. Moreover, the bonding strength of each PF resin was evaluated under dry and wet conditions. It was found that FT-IR measurements showed that the PF resin containing various amounts of the OMW had a chemical structure very similar to the PF resin. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the low?molecular?weight organics in the OMW had negatively affected the thermal stability of the modified PF resins. In addition, the wood samples bonded with the PF resin containing up to 30 wt% OMW met the minimum requirements of interior and exterior bonding performance according to standard EN 12765. The OMW could be replaced by clean water up to 30 wt% for the production of green phenolic resin.
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    Synthesis of bio-oil-phenol-formaldehyde resins under alkali conditions: Physical, chemical and thermal properties of resins and bonding performance
    (Journal Drvna Industrija, 2020) Özbay, Günay; Çekiç, Çağlar; Ahmad, Muhammad Syarhabil; Kökten, Erkan Sami
    In the present study, bio-oil produced from vacuum pyrolysis of woody biomass has been investigated as a source of chemical feedstock. Bio-based resins were produced using the bio-oil with phenol substitutions ranging from 10 to 30 wt%. The conventional GC/MS analysis was carried out for the evaluation of the chemical composition of bio-oil. TGA, DSC and FT-IR analyses were used in order to characterize the bio-oil-phenol-formaldehyde (BPF) resins. The bonding quality of wood samples bonded with the BPF resins was investigated under different pre-treatment conditions. The highest shear strength was observed for the control samples bonded with the laboratory PF resin. As the amount of bio-oil was increased up to 30 wt%, the shear strength of the samples decreased from 12.08 to 11.76 N/mm2. The bonding performance was not negatively affected by the combination of bio-oil under dry conditions. According to TS EN 12765 standard, the relevant performance requirements for bonded samples under dry conditions must be at least 10 N/mm2. Relating to the standard, all samples bonded with BPF resins obtained the requirements for durability class C1. Under wet conditions, the bonding performance was negatively affected by the addition of bio-oil.