Aksaray Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
DSpace@Aksaray, Aksaray Üniversitesi tarafından doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak yayınlanan; kitap, makale, tez, bildiri, rapor, araştırma verisi gibi tüm akademik kaynakları uluslararası standartlarda dijital ortamda depolar, Üniversitenin akademik performansını izlemeye aracılık eder, kaynakları uzun süreli saklar ve telif haklarına uygun olarak Açık Erişime sunar.
Güncel Gönderiler
A study and critical edition of Qāēī Abū Ja‘far al-Balkhī’s al-Ibāna fī al-radd ‘alā al-mushanni‘īn ‘alā Abī Ģanīfa
(Istanbul 29 Mayis University - ISAM, TDV Centre for Islamic Studies, 2020) Furkani, Mehterhan
Many works had been written to defend Imām Abū Ģanīfa and the Ģanafī school of law: Muģammad b. Muģammad al-Kardarī’s (d. 642/1244) al-Fawā’id al-munīfa fī al-zabb ‘an Abī Ģanīfa, Šāhir b. Qāsim’s (d. 771/1370) Muqaddima fī al-radd ‘alā radd al-Ģanafiyya, Muģammad b. Muģammad b. Shihāb al-Zuhrī’s (d. 827/1424) al-Radd ‘alā al-Imām al-Ghazzālī bimā takallama bi-ģaqqi imāminā Abī Ģanīfa and Molla ‘Ali al-Qārī’s (d. 1014/1605) Risāla fī al-radd ‘alā man dhamma Abā Ģanīfa. The work of Aģmad b. Abdullah b. Abū al-Qāsim al-Balkhī (d. 5th/11th century), titled al-Ibāna fī al-radd ‘alā al-mushanni‘īn ‘alā Abī Ģanīfa, is among the most important and earliest texts within this field. For this reason, this paper pre-sents a critical edition of this work. Some scholars mistakenly attribute this text to Muwaffaq b. Muģammad al-Ģāssī (d. 634/1237). This paper, however, argues that the real author of this manuscript was Abū Ja‘far al-Balkhī. In order to elim-inate confusion about the author of the work, I attempted to consult all available manuscript copies. I have been able to locate six manuscripts; three are preserved in manuscript libraries in Turkey, one is in Baghdad, one is in Mashhad, and another one is in Riyadh. I also provide full information concerning their locations in the manuscript libraries. In addition, I have been informed about the existence of another copy in Mecca (in Maktabat Ģaram al-Macca), although I was unable to consult this manuscript for this study. The work was written for the purpose of defending the Ģanafī jurisprudential positions against certain criticisms. The author lists the most frequent criticisms directed at Ģanafī jurisprudence by other schools and defends the Ģanafī tradition by providing detailed religious and rational proofs. The author especially tries to respond to criticisms from the Shāfi‘ī jurisprudence school. The work consists of six chapters. In the first chapter, the author responds to those who say that the “Ģanafī school is contrary to imāma and imāra principles,” and argues in detail that the Ģanafī School is the school best suited to imāma and imāra principles. In the second chapter, the author rejects those who say that, “Abū Ģanīfa preferred controversially qiyās (analogy) to naŝŝ (Qur’an and sun-nah), which is accepted by everyone.” The author argues that it is not Abū Ģanīfa who did this, but rather those who make this accusation against him. Abū Ģanīfa expressed clearly that he applied qiyās when there was no clear stipulation or evidence in the Qur’an or prophetic tradition. The author states that Abū Ģanīfa first made reference to the Qur’an, then to the prophetic tradition; when in the absence of evidence from these two sources, he referred to the opinions accepted by all of the companions, and then to the opinion of a companion if the other companions did not oppose it. When none of these options were available, only then did he apply qiyās. In the third chapter, the author responds to those who say, “Abū Ģanīfa left the prudence in the fiqh and went beyond bounds of permis-sion.” The author emphasizes that this claim is incorrect and that it is incompati-ble with the life of a devout imām. In the fourth chapter, which is a continuation of the previous one, the author rejects the claim that “Shāfi‘ī and other scholars were more cautious than Abū Ģanīfa in matters of worship and etc.,” and he sug-gests that the opposite was true. One of the examples provided is the controversy about the one who intentionally breaks his fast by eating or drinking something in Ramadan. In this case, Shāfi‘ī and Aģmad b. Ģanbal said that only recompense fasting (for each day s/he broke) was necessary, while Abū Ģanīfa and Mālik viewed both recompense and penance (60-day fasting) as necessary. The author states that this, and similar provisions, indicate that it cannot be claimed that Shāfi‘ī was more cautious regarding worship than Abū Ģanīfa. In the fifth chapter, as a counter attack, the author challenges those who criticized Abū Ģanīfa and lists the controversial opinions of Abū Ģanīfa’s opponents. In the sixth chapter, he addresses two arguments: In the first part, he underscores that not Abū Ģanīfa but rather his opponents should be criticized. In the second, he explains why the Ģanafī school is more favorable to others. The author tries to argue these issues through providing religious and rational proofs. In some cases, however, he could not help but to resort to some fanatical suggestions without providing evidence. For example, the author claims that Shafi‘ī’s Arabic was weak and that he was not a strong scholar of the prophetic traditions.
The effect of PhET simulation-based instruction on 6th grade students’ achievement regarding the concept of greenhouse gas
(International Council of Associations for Science Education (ICASE), 2020) Özcan, Hasan; Çetin, Gülcan; Koştur, Hakkı İlker
This study investigated the effectiveness of simulation-based instruction on students’ greenhouse effect achievement. The simulations were chosen from the Physics Education Technology Project (PhET) website. The research was a pretest-posttest with a control group design quasi-experimental study. The sample of the study consisted of 45 6th grade students taking a science course in a secondary school from a city located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey in the 2017–2018 academic year. Participants were assigned randomly to control and experimental groups. There were 23 participants in the experimental group and 22 participants in the control group. While the control group was instructed with the constructive instructional methods, the experimental group was instructed by PhET simulation-based instruction over 1 week. Data were collected by the Greenhouse Effect Achievement Test. Independent samples t-test and paired samples t-test were used to analyze the data. The study results revealed that the PhET simulation-based instruction created a statistically significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in the students’ greenhouse effect in favor of the experimental group (p = 0.03). © International Council of Associations for Science Education (ICASE). All Rights Reserved.
Nonsurgical treatment option for Peyronie’s disease: Shockwave therapy
(2020) Gül, Murat; Can Şerefoğlu, Ege
Recent developments in the shockwave therapies have created a big excitement in the field of sexual medicine. Although the use of low-intensity shockwave therapy in erectile dysfunction became popular in many Men’s Health centers, its role in the treatment of Peyronie’s Disease (PD) has been a subject of debate. This chapter endeavors to perform a literature review pertaining to the impact of shockwave therapy on PD plaques and to evaluate the possible mechanism of action of this treatment modality in the management of PD. Although there are limited data about the beneficial effects of shockwave therapy among patients with PD, future researches may shed a light on the potential clinical use of this treatment in PD.
Identification of enterococci by MALDI-TOF-MS & 16S rRNA sequencing isolated from squeezed cheeses and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility and antibacterial activity
(Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency (RSNPHA), 2020) Aydın, Furkan; Kahve, Halil İbrahim; Ardıç, Mustafa; Çakır, İbrahim
Objective: This study aims to identify enterococci isolated from squeezed cheeses by MALDI-TOF-MS and 16S rRNA sequence analysis and to evaluate antibiotic resistance and antibacterial effects of these isolates against some food pathogens. Methods: Identification of 84 Enterococcus isolates obtained from squeezed cheese was carried out using MALDI-TOF-MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolates were tested for resistance to 14 different antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial effects of isolates against various food pathogens were determined by the agar spot test. SPSS 22.0.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) was used for the assessment of the correlation between variance analysis (ANOVA, F test) and antibacterial results. Results: As a result of sequence analysis; 33 (39.3%) were described to E. faecalis, 29 (34.5%) to E. faecium, 14 (16.7%) to E. durans, 4 (4.8%) to E. gallinarum, 3 (3.5%) to E. casselifavus and 1 (1.2%) to E. thailandicus. Eighty-one isolates gave the same identification result as the MALDI-TOF-MS method (96.43%). The difference between two identification methods has not been found to be statistically significant (p>0.05); however, MALDI-TOF-MS has some advantages over 16S rRNA sequencing, such as being less labor-intensive, more economical and faster. In total, 83.3% of the strains exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. A high incidence of resistance was detected for nalidixic acid, oxacillin, and streptomycin. E. faecalis isolates were found to show lower sensitivity to antibiotics tested than E. faecium (p <0.05). The anti-listerial effect of E. faecalis was determined among all enterococcal isolates (p <0.05). Along with this, a strong correlation was found between L. innocua and L. monocytogenes inhibition. The results of antibacterial activity revealed that enterococci are more effective for the inhibition of Gram-positive food pathogens. Conclusion: The correlation between the results from the two identification methods showed that MALDI-TOF-MS is a fast, economical, robust, and reliable method for the characterization of enterococci. When the results were examined in terms of food safety, it was observed that squeezed cheese produced from raw milk without using starter culture was reservoirs of Enterecoccus spp. with multiple antibiotic resistance. Enterococci, which does not carry multiple antibiotic resistance, can be used in starter culture combinations and in hurdle technology to prevent the growth of Grampositive food pathogens; however, to this end, virulence determinants must be determined to achieve these goals.
Assessment of the compatibility of the real-world nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients in Turkey with the study population of Phase 3 novel oral anticoagulant trials: an auxiliary study of NOAC-TR
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2020) Emren, Sadık; Zoghi, Mehdi; Karagöz, Uğur; İnci, Sinan; Açıksarı, Gönül; Bekar, Lütfü; Emren, Zeynep; Ergene, Oktay
Introduction: Although the indication of novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) treatment in atrial fibrillation (AF) is comparatively similar, Phase 3 NOAC trials have variable inclusion criteria that differentiate each other and also from the real-world population. Aim: We aim to investigate the similarity between real-world nonvalvular AF patients and the population of Phase 3 NOAC trials in terms of eligibility. Methods: A total of 2802 patients using rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and apixaban were retrospectively evaluated. All the patients met the exclusion criteria of NOAC Phase 3 trials. These patient population were compared with the population of Phase 3 rivaroxaban (ROCKET-AF), dabigatran (RELY), apixaban (ARISTOTLE), and edoxaban (ENGAGE) trials in terms of inclusion criteria. Furthermore, the patients were stratified on the basis of CHA 2 -DS 2 -VASCc is enaogh score. Results: The proportion of population who met the eligible criteria for ARISTOTLE trial (91%) was different from that of RELY (78%), ROCKET-AF (50%), and ENGAGE (61%) trials (P < 0,001). For the population at intermediate risk (CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score ≥1), the proportion which met the inclusion criteria for RE-LY trial (99%) was different from that of ARISTOTLE (91.2%), ROCKET-AF (50%), and ENGAGE trials (61%) (P < 0.001). For the population at high risk (CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score ≥2), the proportion which met the inclusion criteria was as follows: 94% for ARISTOTLE, 83% for RELY, 65% for ENGAGE, and 53% for ROCKET-AF trials (P < 0.001). In this population, 38% of patients using rivaroxaban, 46% of patients using dabigatran, and 12% patients of using apixaban did not meet the inclusion criteria for the ROCKET-AF, RE-LY, and ARISTOTLE trials, respectively. Conclusion: Eligibility of the real-world population for NOAC trials is variable. A considerable number of real-world patients using NOAC do not meet the inclusion criteria of the corresponding drug.
